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The forceful takeover of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893, adversely affected a country’s government, its lands and its citizens, not only the members of a single ethnic group.
It was the Hawaiian Kingdom — a nation — that was taken, not the aboriginal people — the kanaka maoli (what the US and the state of Hawai`i insist on calling, “Native Hawaiians.”)
Yes, kanaka maoli were harmed by the loss of their nation, but so were many non-aboriginal subject/citizens of the Hawaiian Kingdom - Asians, Caucasian, Polynesians and so forth.
This is a crucial point. When a nation is stolen, all the citizens of that nation are deprived of their country, not only the aboriginal people.
Both occupying governments, the US federal and its puppet, the fake state of Hawai`i either assert or presume in their laws and policies, that the takeover of 1893 affected only “Native Hawaiians.”
By purposefully limiting their culpability to “Native Hawaiians,” the US carefully conceals the true scope of the problem, presenting it as a domestic, localized, racially defined problem, rather than the violation of the unalienable rights of the citizens of a recognized sovereign foreign nation.
There's no need to create a new government when a perfectly good and lawful one — the Hawaiian Kingdom — continues to exist.
Although it has been greatly impaired by unlawful suppression and layers of fraud, the sovereignty of the Hawaiian Kingdom was never lawfully extinguished.
Therefore, there is no justification to contrive a new government to replace the Hawaiian Kingdom unless the people, the lawful subjects/citizens, called Hawaiian Nationals, decide they want to alter or change their government.
No one other than Hawaiian Nationals can make that determination — not the US government or foreign US citizens residing in Hawai`i, or the fake State of Hawai`i, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, or the Akaka Bill’s proposed phony Native Hawaiian Governing Entity.
Because the Hawaiian Kingdom is in continuity, there is no lawful way to alter or replace that existing government except through the processes provided in the existing lawful constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
Prior to the Hawaiian Kingdom being taken over by insurgents during the illegal US invasion in 1893, Hawai`i had already been functioning for decades as a nation-state under one of the best constitutions in the world.
The United States’ prolonged occupation does not change the fact that the constitutional government of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the one in place from 1840 to 1893, is still the one and only lawful and indisputable government for the Hawaiian Islands.
The United States is a usurper, and has no lawful jurisdiction in Hawai`i.
Since the Hawaiian Kingdom was never extinguished, its constitution, laws, statutes and policies are still intact.
Hawai`i Public Land Development Corp Lambasted
West Hawaii Today - August 22, 2012
Kona resident Shannon Rudolph took three words to sum up the major concerns West Hawaii residents have about proposed rules to govern the Public Land Development Corp.
“Grand theft `aina,” Rudolph said during a public hearing at Konawaena High School Tuesday evening, while referencing worries that the corporation, which state Legislators empowered last year to develop Department of Land and Natural Resources’ and other state land, would rob residents of open land.
Testimony during the two-hour hearing, which more than 50 people attended, was unanimously against the corporation and the rules, which, testifiers also noted, the corporation has the power to waive anyway. More than two dozen people provided testimony.
“This is how freedom is taken,” Jon Biloon said. “I can’t build a drying deck on my farm to dry my mac nuts without running through bureaucratic red tape. These guys are going to be able to dredge Honokohau Harbor. … The fact that our representatives passed a law to allow a corporation to ignore (land use laws) … this is the sword to our heart.”
Kaliko Chun questioned the rules’ legitimacy. “I am in opposition to rules that are a sham,” Chun said. “The rules are made for a total development of public trust lands.”
Several testifiers focused their comments on the 1893 overthrown of the Hawaiian kingdom government.
“Under the laws of occupation, proceeding with your projects, you will be committing war crimes of which you can and will be held accountable,” Robert Freitas Jr. said. “We know this is wrong. You know this is wrong and now you cannot say that you didn’t know.”
Only two elected officials — South Kona Councilwoman Brenda Ford and Rep. Faye Hanohano, who represents Puna — attended the meeting. No members of the Public Land Development Corp. attended, an absence an early testifier noted.
Ford called the PLDC legalized theft. “This is anarchy in process,” Ford said. “This new law erases all of the work we have done in order to protect our rights to our own destiny. The PLDC allows lawlessness and anarchy to reign because of greed under the guise of development of land for our people.”
She said she was disappointed that Gov. Neil Abercrombie, whom she supported, signed the enabling legislation into law, and she encouraged people to support Hanohano’s efforts to get the law repealed.
Hawaii County officials said they were concerned about the PLDC’s authority, and the rules that allow the corporation to bypass county planning requirements. “We just want to convey to DLNR that we want to have input,” Mayor Billy Kenoi said Tuesday afternoon. Fishermen, hunters and other Hawai`i Island residents have complained to Kenoi about DLNR restricting access to various sites around the island.
“This Public Land Development Corp. could exacerbate that sense” of being denied access to the island’s open space, Kenoi added.
He said he was trying to set up a meeting with DLNR Chairman William Aila in the next few weeks to discuss his concerns. Planning Director Bobby Jean Leithead Todd said she planned to send several of her employees to Tuesday’s meeting, to gather information on the rules changes and the PLDC itself. She said she has a meeting already scheduled with PLDC Executive Director Lloyd Haraguchi to talk about the corporation’s plans.
“I would like them to comply with our general plan and the community development plans,” she said Tuesday afternoon.
Several people said they would like to see legal action taken against the state to stop the corporation.
“We’re going to fight,” Melvin Mason said.
USA covert and overt activities led to the invasion of the Hawaiian Kingdom and immediately recognized its complicitor's proclamation without the people's knowledge.
Without US military intervention and USA complicity, the USA puppet Provisional Government would not have lasted for more than an hour.
Using that backing, they created the Republic of Hawai`i against the people's wishes.
All legal attempts to annex Hawai`i to the USA failed because the people overwhelmly protested and sent their Ku'e Petitions to Washington D.C.
It was ignored by the pro-annexationists and complicitors.
In covering up the hoax, Congress passed the Newlands Resolution falsly declaring the majority wished for the annexation of Hawai`i without a lawful treaty.
That's how Hawai`i became unlawfully annexed even according to US laws.
Civil Beat - September 6, 2012
The Public Land Development Corporation must now stoically plow on with its administrative rules because it’s “in conformance with the law.”
Senate Bill 1555 creating the PLDC was introduced by Sen. Donovan Dela Cruz on Jan. 26, 2011.
William Aila, current chairman of the Department of Land and Natural Resources submitted testimony contrary to SB1555.
At the Oahu public hearing on Aug. 29, 2012, former DLNR Chair, Laura Thielen, broke her silence and testified against PLDC and supported a repeal of Act 55.
SB 1555 passed without public scrutiny and was enacted into Act 55 by Gov. Neil Abercrombie on May 24, 2011.
Act 55 establishes the PLDC as a state development corporation attached to the DLNR to develop public lands placed under the PLDC jurisdiction, including but not limited to existing open shoreline areas, conservation lands, agricultural lands, and small boat harbors, for commercial purposes to generate revenue for the State.
PLDC has unfettered powers to develop and implement public lands projects and facilities to create revenue-generating centers as opportunities exist “to exploit potential local, national, and international markets.”
Act 55 allows PLDC to exempt development projects from regulatory oversight. PLDC now has over-arching powers to make optimal economic, environmental, and social use of Hawaii’s public lands.
The PLDC Board is, expectedly, stacked with pro-development cronies. Its executive director is Llyod Haraguchi, formerly with the Estate of the James Campbell. The PLDC Chair is Kalbert Young, director of the Department of Budget and Finance; Mary Alice Evans, deputy director of the Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism; real estate investor/publisher partner with Star Advertiser Duane Kurisu, and former state Sen. Bobby Bunda.
No Hawaiian or environmentalist or John Q. Public is appointed to the PLDC exclusive board.
PLDC held its statewide public hearings on its proposed Administrative Rules and the public response was clear and decisively negative....
Land Development Agency Gets Rough Reception
Well over 100 people showed up to testify at a hearing held by the Hawai`i Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) on proposed rules for the Public Land Development Corporation.
Much of the testimony focused not on the rules itself but on the mission of the Public Land Development Corp, (PLDC) a quasi-state agency established by the Legislature in 2011 to develop public-private partnerships to generate revenues from state lands.
The testimony was often emotional, with much of it highly critical of the PLDC’s authority to bypass county zoning and other land-use requirements.
At one point the corporation was compared to Nazis.
“Shame on you,” said one man testifying, eliciting more cries of “shame” from the audience.
“How stupid do you think the people of Hawai`i are that they would accept this dog-and-pony show?” said Ike Payne. He predicted that the DLNR would hear no supporting testimony as it holds hearings across the state.
Many of those speaking said they believed their testimony was futile, and that it would not be considered in the rule-making.
The Sierra Club has roused its members to testify against the rules which it calls “fundamentally flawed.”
This is in direct conflict with state law as it applies to planning,” said Puna resident Jon Olson. “You’re not going to get away with it.”
Jonathan Ota said he would not have a “dictator agency” in his state.
Robert Petricci drew rousing applause when he tore up a copy of the rules at the conclusion of his testimony.
Saying she didn’t want to see the Big Island turn into “another Oahu,” Sara Steiner said that Petricci had the right idea.
“Yeh, shove it,” she said to DLNR representatives holding the meeting.
Today is La Ho`iho`i Ea - Sovereignty Restoration day in Hawai`i.
It was a wrong made right after five months - the restoration of the Hawaiian Kingdom when forced under British rule in 1843.
In the early 1840s, during the reign of King Kamehameha III, English consul Richard Charlton made outrageous land claims against the Hawaiian people to provoke a British takeover.
At his request, a British war cruiser arrived on Feb. 10, 1843, under the command of Lord George Paulet, who demanded special lands and rights from the king for British subjects.
In order to avoid bloodshed, Kamehameha III ceded his kingdom to Paulet under protest and appealed to Queen Victoria for redress.
British fleet commander Adm. Richard Thomas, enforcing his country's policy that the laws and customs of native governments be treated with courtesy and respect, sailed from Mexico to Hawai`i to remedy the trouble.
On July 31, 1843, Thomas ordered the Hawaiian flag raised and the kingdom restored at a ceremony at Kulaokahu`a - which today is known as Thomas Square named after him.
Kamehameha III proclaimed a 10-day holiday, and throughout his reign, July 31 was celebrated as La Ho'iho'i Ea or Sovereignty Restoration Day.
He also proclaimed the now famous motto, "Ua mau ke ea o ka `aina i ka pono," which means, "The sovereignty of the land is maintained by right behavior."
What They Say About Their Country & The US -
"The most common sense thing is for total independence.
We were a progressive modern nation of our time and recognized as a friendly, neutral nation within the Family of Nations, the predecessor of the League of Nations and the United Nations.
We had a democratic form of government, a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislative assembly.
The works and legacies of our monarchs are legendary and noteworthy.
Today under the illegally occupied American system, we are concerned about our lands, culture, people and lifestyle which has been under attack for over a hundred years.
The Kingdom of Hawai`i is not only Native Hawaiians but subjects of non-Hawaiian blood who were legitimate subjects of the Kingdom.
This racial argument is an American thing and not Hawaiian.
So our concerns are well within our scope to protect all subjects of the Kingdom.
We do expect reparations and restitution from the US for the injurious damages to our nation, land and people.
The US government is well aware of this and tried a piecemeal settlement through the Akaka bill.
If the tables were turned around; which would you do? I'm sure it wouldn't be a hard decision.
Remember, Hawaiians never hated America.
We were never afraid that another country would take us over; we had over twenty-four treaties with various countries but the US is the only country that broke their treaties with us."
The United States claims it
possesses the Hawaiian Islands.
But the facts show that at no time did lawful title to the Hawaiian Islands actually transfer from the Hawaiian Kingdom to the US either directly or indirectly.
The thieves who stole the Hawaiian Kingdom “car” fenced it to the US, who has been driving it around as its own.
The takeover of the Hawaiian Kingdom violated the Hawaiian Constitution, the US Constitution and the Law of Nations.
According to the governing principles embodied in those documents, the only lawful means to peacefully change a government is by the consent of the people.
There was
no consent of the people for the 1893 takeover, nor for the 1893 Provisional Government for Hawai`i, nor for the 1894 formation of the Republic of Hawai`i, nor for the 1898 Annexation to the US, which was not even legitimate according to US law.
And finally, the
1959 vote conferring “statehood” to Hawai`i was based upon the previous illegitimate acts and did not conform to the criteria or procedures required by international law under the United Nations Charter.
The “statehood” plebiscite constituted fraud and thus, “the state of Hawai`i” is an unlawful entity -
a fake state.
The forceful takeover of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893, adversely affected a country’s government, its lands and its citizens, not only the members of a single ethnic group.
It was the Hawaiian Kingdom — a nation — that was taken, not the aboriginal people — the kanaka maoli (what the US and the State of Hawai`i insist on calling, “Native Hawaiians.”)
Yes, kanaka maoli were harmed by the loss of their nation, but so were many non-aboriginal subject/citizens of the Hawaiian Kingdom: Asians, Caucasian, Polynesians and so forth.
This is a crucial point. When a nation is stolen, all the citizens of that nation are deprived of their country, not only the aboriginal people.
Both occupying governments, the US Federal and its puppet, the fake state of Hawai`i either assert or presume in their laws and policies, that the takeover of 1893 affected only “Native Hawaiians.”
By purposefully limiting their culpability to “Native Hawaiians,” the US carefully conceals the true scope of the problem, presenting it as a domestic, localized, racially defined problem, rather than the violation of the unalienable rights of the citizens of a recognized sovereign foreign nation.
By Carolyn Quinn
Many years ago I worked for Orion Pictures Corporation. I went to a lot of movie screenings – but never, before today, did I attend one as terrific as
"Hawai`i - A Voice for Sovereignty" at the American Indian Community House.
Entertainment industry movie screenings were always pretty clinical affairs. You filed into the screening room or the theater. They turned off the lights and, without comment, showed the movie. Then you left.
In contrast, the Hawaiian people from the
Koani Foundation who ran this particularly screening handled it in a more enjoyable manner. It opened with a blessing chant. Then there were songs, followed by a traditional hula dancer. After that came another blessing, this time over the food we were about to eat, and then we sat down to watch the movie.
In 1993, President William Jefferson Clinton signed the Hawaiian Apology Resolution exactly one hundred years after the illegal, yes, illegal, U.S. overthrow and
annexation of Hawai`i. Bravo to President Clinton - the resolution is the first step in righting a whole series of outrageous wrongs that were done to the Pacific nation.
It’s not a pretty story. A cabal of non-Hawaiians conspired with the United States Minister to Hawai`i, in 1893, to overthrow the government. The Minister got the United States Navy involved. Troops invaded and remained in position in front of government buildings and the Iolani Palace. This was done to intimidate the Hawaiian Royal Family.
The United States Minister and his cohorts proceeded to form a “Committee of Safety,” a name that could have been invented by a propagandist. It was comprised of financiers, sugar plantation owners and American and European descendants of missionaries – and did not represent the Hawaiians. This is the group that deposed the Hawaiian monarchy. They had the audacity to form a “Provisional Government.” The United States Minister – who basically had no power over Hawai`i – “recognized” the bogus “Provisional Government.”
The United States took the islands over after that.
Hawaiian Queen Lili`uokalani, however, never gave up her power. She didn’t want bloodshed – but she didn’t give up her throne or her country. She issued a statement on January 17, 1893, stating, “I Lili`uokalani, by the Grace of God and under the Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, do hereby solemnly protest any and all acts done against myself and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for the Kingdom.”
The nation of Hawai`i was therefore never given up by its queen.
The United States government appointed one of the Doles, a rich owner of Hawaiian plantations, as its new “governor.” Ninety-five percent of Hawaiians signed a
petition against annexation in 1897-1898, but it was ignored. Decent Queen Liliuokalani, who had done absolutely nothing wrong except object to the takeover of her country, wound up placed under “house arrest!”
The list of outrages perpetrated against the island kingdom continues to this day. The movie, written by
Catherine Bauknight, who first found out the truth about what had been perpetrated by the US in Hawai`i while there on vacation, shows the desecration of Hawaiian sacred sites, toilet paper found on sacred ground, sacred bones dug up and stored in waxed paper, and more, all done in the name of real estate development and “progress.” Hawaiian land was diverted to non-Hawaiians; getting it back is often impossible. So is affording it, since Hawaii is a playground for the rich. One Hawaiian woman is living not on the land, but in her car.
There is quite a bit more; the movie is available for purchase, and it needs to be seen by as many people as possible. What was done to Hawai`i is an insult to people of goodwill everywhere.
Many of the people who were running today’s lovely event are in town for the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, which began last week. It’s been a long time since 1893. Let’s hope the UN takes some positive action on their behalf at last.
USA covert and overt activities led to the invasion of the Hawaiian Kingdom and immediately recognized its complicitor's proclamation without the people's knowledge.
Without US military intervention and USA complicity, the USA puppet Provisional Government would not have lasted for more than an hour.
Using that backing, they created the Republic of Hawai`i against the people's wishes.
All legal attempts to annex Hawai`i to the USA failed because the people overwhelmly protested and sent their Ku'e Petitions to Washington D.C.
It was ignored by the pro-annexationists and complicitors.
In covering up the hoax, Congress passed the Newlands Resolution falsly declaring the majority wished for the annexation of Hawai`i without a lawful treaty.
That's how Hawai`i became unlawfully annexed even according to US laws.
BBC - May 4, 2012
A UN special rapporteur has called for the US to restore tribal lands, including the Black Hills of South Dakota, site of Mount Rushmore.
James Anaya announced the recommendation at the end of a 12-day tour, during which he met tribal leaders and government officials.
"The sense of loss, alienation and indignity is pervasive throughout Indian Country," Mr Anaya said.
He met with tribes in seven states on reservations and in urban areas.
The trip, Mr Anaya's first tour of Native American lands, was to determine how the United States is faring on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
President Barack Obama endorsed the declaration in 2010, reversing a previous US vote against it.
Mr Anaya used the Black Hills, located in South Dakota near reservations that are home to the Oglala Sioux tribes, as an example of land restoration.
"I'm talking about restoring to indigenous peoples what obviously they're entitled to and they have a legitimate claim to in a way that is not divisive but restorative," he said.
The Black Hills are public land but are considered sacred by the Sioux tribes. The area, as well as other lands, were set aside for the tribes in an 1868 treaty.
Nine years later, Congress passed a law taking the land.
The Sioux refused to accept a 1980 monetary award from the US Supreme Court, calling for the return of the Black Hills.
The reservations near the Black Hills are some of the most poverty-stricken areas in the US, with extremely high rates of unemployment and much lower than average life expectancy.
Mr Anaya cited ongoing systemic and individual racial discrimination as common themes in his discussions with community leaders.
He said ideas that native populations were gone, wanted handouts or that their culture has been reduced to casinos were "flatly wrong".
Mr Anaya will make formal recommendations in a report to be released in September.
The UN fact-finder said he had met members of the Obama administration and briefed the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, but was unable to meet individuals members of Congress.
He said that he typically meets individual legislators during his tours of countries but said he did not know the reason why that had not happened in the US.
More than 100 years after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom government, the rights of the island's indigenous people are still at the top of the conversation.
But voters are split on whether the US government is providing enough benefits to native Hawaiians.
According to a poll survey of 1,162 registered voters1, 36 percent of respondents said the level of benefits is just right. Twenty-seven percent of voters said Hawaiians get "too many" benefits and 23 percent said "not enough." The margin of error was 2.9 percent.
The poll was conducted in mid-April and comes on the heels of the Hawaii Legislature settling a decades-old $200 million ceded land debt by deeding 25 acres of prime Kakaako real estate to the Office of Hawaiian Affairs....
More Info
HERE
Yes, the lawful, sovereign entity, the Hawaiian Kingdom, does still exist.
At no time did the Hawaiian Kingdom or Hawaiian nationals surrender their sovereignty or consent to a merger with the US.
There are only two ways a nation can be extinguished - conquest involving the military defeat and subjugation of its people, along with the physical seizure of its territory by the victor or the un-coerced, free-will choice of its people to surrender and merge their nation’s sovereignty to another.
Even the unconditional surrender of Japan and Germany after World War II, did not extinguish their sovereignty. They became occupied states but still retained their national identity.
They were still Japan and Germany and the occupying forces administered and enforced the laws of Japan and Germany respectively.
Despite the incorporation of the Eastern European states into the Soviet Union after World War II those countries did not extinguish their sovereignty.
And despite complete domination by the USSR during the “cold war,” when the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s states like Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Czechoslovakia reemerged as sovereign and independent countries in continuity.
In the case of Hawai`i, after the illegal seizure and takeover, the status of Hawaiian Kingdom citizens remain inviolate.
Neither a vote or plebiscite was ever conducted to gain the consent of the Hawaiian people to dissolve their country, the Hawaiian Kingdom.
On the contrary, there was fierce opposition to the initial seizure and efforts at annexation, as evidenced by the massive petitions and protests in the press.
The Hawaiian Kingdom continues to exist. It did not expire. It survives even having been buried alive for over a century under the layers of US deception and fraud.
WOULD A FREE HAWAI`I NEED A WHOLE NEW GOVERNMENT?
There's no need to create a new government when a perfectly good and lawful one — the Hawaiian Kingdom — continues to exist.
Although it has been greatly impaired by unlawful suppression and layers of fraud, the sovereignty of the Hawaiian Kingdom was never lawfully extinguished.
Therefore, there is no justification to contrive a new government to replace the Hawaiian Kingdom unless the people, the lawful subjects/citizens, called Hawaiian Nationals, decide they want to alter or change their government.
No one other than Hawaiian Nationals can make that determination — not the US government or foreign US citizens residing in Hawai`i, or the fake State of Hawai`i, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, or the Akaka Bill’s proposed phony Native Hawaiian Governing Entity.
Because the Hawaiian Kingdom is in continuity, there is no lawful way to alter or replace that existing government except through the processes provided in the existing lawful constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
Prior to the Hawaiian Kingdom being taken over by insurgents during the illegal US invasion in 1893, Hawai`i had already been functioning for decades as a nation-state under one of the best constitutions in the world.
The United States’ prolonged occupation does not change the fact that the constitutional government of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the one in place from 1840 to 1893, is still the one and only lawful and indisputable government for the Hawaiian Islands.
The United States is a usurper, and has no lawful jurisdiction in Hawai`i.
Since the Hawaiian Kingdom was never extinguished, its constitution, laws, statutes and policies are still intact.
In 1843, Hawai`i was a recognized independent nation.
Hawai`i had treaties with 25 world nations and had 96 legates and consuls throughout the world, including in the US.
But US covert and overt activities led to the 1893 invasion of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the US immediately recognized those who overthrew the kingdom without the people's knowledge.
Using that backing, they created the bogus "Republic of Hawai`i" against the people's wishes.
All legal attempts to annex Hawai`i to the US failed because the citizens of the Hawaiian Nation then overwhelmingly protested and sent their anti-annexation petitions to Washington, DC.
In covering up the hoax, Congress was forced to pass the Newlands Resolution declaring that the majority wished for the annexation of Hawai`i without a lawful treaty.
That's how Hawai`i became unlawfully annexed, and ultimately a fake state.
Yes, the lawful, sovereign entity, the Hawaiian Kingdom, does still exist.
There are only two ways a nation can be extinguished - conquest involving the military defeat and subjugation of its people, along with the physical seizure of its territory by the victor or the un-coerced, free-will choice of its people to surrender and merge their nation’s sovereignty to another.
Even the unconditional surrender of Japan and Germany after World War II, did not extinguish their sovereignty. They became occupied states but still retained their national identity.
They were still Japan and Germany and the occupying forces administered and enforced the laws of Japan and Germany respectively.
Despite the incorporation of the Eastern European states into the Soviet Union after World War II did not extinguish their sovereignty.
Despite complete domination by the USSR during the “cold war,” when the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s states like Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Czechoslovakia, and so forth, reemerged as sovereign and independent countries in continuity.
In the case of Hawai`i, after the illegal seizure and annexation, the status of Hawaiian Kingdom citizens remained inviolate.
Neither a vote or plebiscite was ever conducted to gain the consent of the Hawaiian people to dissolve their country, the Hawaiian Kingdom.
At no time did the Hawaiian Kingdom or Hawaiian nationals surrender their sovereignty or consent to a merger with the US.
On the contrary, there was fierce opposition to the initial seizure and efforts at annexation, as evidenced by the massive petitions and protests in the press.
The Hawaiian Kingdom continues to exist. It did not expire. It survives even having been buried alive for over a century under the layers of US deception and fraud.
USA covert and overt activities led to the invasion of the Hawaiian Kingdom and immediately recognized the phony "provisional government" proclamation without the people's knowledge.
Without US military intervention and US complicity, the US puppet provisional government would not have lasted for more than an hour.
Using that backing, they created the Republic of Hawai`i against the people's wishes.
All legal attempts to annex Hawai`i to the US failed because the people overwhelmingly protested and sent their Ku'e Petitions to Washington DC.
It was ignored by the pro-annexationists and provsional government.
In covering up the hoax, Congress passed the Newlands Resolution falsely declaring the majority wished for the annexation of Hawai`i without a lawful treaty.
That's how Hawai`i became unlawfully annexed even according to US laws.
