Recognition of Hawaiian IndependenceFaced with the quintessential problem of foreign encroachment of Hawaiian territory, His Hawaiian Majesty King Kamehameha III deemed it prudent and necessary to dispatch a Hawaiian delegation to the United States and then to Europe with the power to settle alleged difficulties with nations, negotiate treaties and to ultimately secure the recognition of Hawaiian Independence by the major powers of the world. In accordance with this view, Timoteo Ha'alilio, William Richards and Sir George Simpson were commissioned as joint Ministers Plenipotentiary on April 8, 1842. Sir George Simpson, shortly thereafter, left for England, via Alaska and Siberia, while Mr. Ha'alilio and Mr. Richards departed for the United States, via Mexico, on July 8, 1842.The Hawaiian delegation, while in the United States of America, secured the assurance of U.S. President Tyler on December 19, 1842 of its recognition of Hawaiian independence, and then proceeded to meet Sir George Simpson in Europe and secure formal recognition by Great Britain and France. On March 17, 1843, King Louis-Phillipe of France recognizes Hawaiian independence at the urging of King Leopold of Belgium, and on April 1, 1843, Lord Aberdeen on behalf of Her Britannic Majesty Queen Victoria, assured the Hawaiian delegation that"Her Majesty's Government was willing and had determined to recognize the independence of the Sandwich Islands under their present sovereign."On November 28, 1843, at the Court of London, the British and French Governments entered into a formal agreement of the recognition of Hawaiian independence.FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=Anglo-Franco Proclamation""Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the King of the French, taking into consideration the existence in the Sandwich Islands (Hawaiian Islands) of a government capable of providing for the regularity of its relations with foreign nations, have thought it right to engage, reciprocally, to consider the Sandwich Islands as an Independent State, and never to take possession, neither directly or under the title of Protectorate, or under any other form, of any part of the territory of which they are composed.The undersigned, Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs, and the Ambassador Extraordinary of His Majesty the King of the French, at the Court of London, being furnished with the necessary powers, hereby declare, in consequence, that their said Majesties take reciprocally that engagement.In witness whereof the undersigned have signed the present declaration, and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms.Done in duplicate at London, the 28th day of November, in the year of our Lord, 1843.[L.S.] Aberdeen[L.S.] St. Aulaire"As a result of the recognition of Hawaiian independence since 1842 the Hawaiian Kingdom entered into treaties with the major nations of the world and had established over ninety legations and consulates in multiple seaports and cities.Austria-Hungary in 1875Belgium in 1862Denmark in 1846France 1846 and 1857Germany in 1879Great Britain in 1836, 1846 and 1851Italy in 1863Japan in 1871 and 1886Netherlands in 1862Portugal in 1882Russia in 1869Samoa in 1887Spain in 1863Swiss Confederation in 1864Sweden and Norway in 1852United States in 1849, 1870, 1875, 1883, 1884
For generations in our circle it has been said that he was actually poisoned whereby a heart attack was induced. The same was done to Kai'ulani. Ka po'e haole Melika believed if they got rid of all the ali'i, the people would not have leaders and would easily comply with them and be under their control.
Typically, while on board ship the haole keakea thought Ha'alilio was the secretary for Richards and put him in steerage. Mr. Richards corrected them and told them HE was the secretary and Ha'alilio was the minister of the King. They refused to make the changes so Mr. Richards went down to steerage to be with Ha'alilio. There is a big question on Ha'alilio's death as his liver was dessicated, showing symptoms of being poisoned. So much for the whiteman's world, eh?
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