Enforcing the 1849/1850 Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States of America Series, Part I:
UNDERSTANDING THE ILLEGALITIES OF THE U.S. IN HAWAII/Hawaiian archipelago/Hawaiian Islands and Why They are to Cease and Desist
compiled by Amelia Gora (2016)
Our Royal Families including those Kanaka Maoli who have entered American Courts/illegal Foreign Courts having no jurisdiction/no granted jurisdiction and identified as Identity Thieves claiming to be "successor of the Kingdom of Hawaii" are documented as identity thieves, pirates, pillagers, criminal occupiers, conspirators, shams, intruders, racketeers, illegal occupiers, uninvited persons, and terrorists.
Reference: PA PELEKANE case, 1912, HAWAIIAN REPORTS, Volume 21, Supreme Court Law Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.
Illegal adjudications by foreign Judges who are subject to the terms of the U.S. Constitution, Fails to follow the Rules of Law, etc. The American Courts operating are illegal because of documented Identity Theft/thieves claiming to be " the successor of the Kingdom of Hawaii".
The Judicial Tribunal of the Kingdom of Hawaii documented the 728 pirates, pillagers, identity thieves and listed them according to the 1849/1850 Treaty of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States of America, Article XIV. See:
443) I.R.S./IRS/Internal Revenue Service for the United States and American Empire in the Hawaiian Islands
444) U.S. and American Empire Federal Government and Agencies in the Hawaiian Islands
445) State of Hawaii and agencies in the Hawaiian Islands
446) City and Counties and agencies in the Hawaiian Islands
found the frauds..."obtain an allodial title in fee simple" vs. Kamehameha Ill "alodio" for kanaka maoli and "fee simple" for ALIENS! refs,..Indices of Land Commission Awards (1929) and Kamehameha III speech of 1851
US TREATY WITH THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, DEC. 20, 1849
Treaty signed at Washington December 20, 1849
Senate advice and consent to ratification January 14, 1850
Ratified by the President of the United States February 4, 1850
Ratified by the Hawaiian Islands August 19, 1850
Ratification's exchanged at Honolulu August 24, 1850
Entered into force August 24, 1850
The United States of America and His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, equally animated with the desire of maintaining the relations of good understanding which have hitherto so happily subsisted between their respective states, and consolidating the commercial intercourse between them, have agreed to enter into negotiations for the conclusion of a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, for which purpose they have appointed plenipotentiaries, that is to say:
The President of the United States of America, John M.Clayton, Secretary of State of the United States; and His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, James Jackson Jarves, accredited as his Special Commissioner to the Government of the United States; who, after having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have concluded and signed the following articles:
Article I
There shall be perpetual peace and amity between the United States and the King of the Hawaiian Islands, his heirs and his successors.
Article II
There shall be reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands. No duty of customs, or other impost, shall be charged upon any goods, the produce or manufacture of one country, upon importation from such country into the other,other or higher than the duty or impost charged upon goods of the same kind, the produce of manufacture of, or imported from, any other country; and the United States of America and His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands do hereby engage, that the subjects or citizens of any other state shall not enjoy any favor, privilege, or immunity, whatever, in matters of commerce and navigation,which shall not also, at the same time, be extended to the subjects or citizens of the other contracting party, gratuitously, if the concession in favor of that other State shall have been gratuitous, and in return for a compensation, as nearly as possible of proportionate value and effect, to be adjusted by mutual agreement, if the concession shall have been conditional.
Article III
All articles the produce or manufacture of either country which can legally be imported into either country from the other, in ships of that other country, and thence coming,shall, when so imported, be subject to the same duties, and enjoy the same privileges, whether imported in ships of the one country, or in ships of the other; and in like manner,all goods which can legally be exported or re-exported from either country to the other, in ships of that other country,shall, when so exported or reexported, be subject to the same duties, and be entitled to the same privileges, drawbacks, bounties, and allowances, whether exported in ships of the one country, or in ships of the other: and all goods and articles, of whatever( description, not being' of the produce of manufacture of the United States, which can be legally imported into the Sandwich Islands shall when so imported In vessels of the United States pay no other or higher duties, imposts, or charges than shall be payable upon the like goods, and articles, when imported in the vessels of the most favored foreign nation other than the nation of which the said goods and articles are the produce or manufacture.
Article IV
No duties of tonnage, harbor, lighthouses, pilot age,quarantine, or other similar duties, of whatever nature, or under whatever denomination, shall be imposed in either country upon the vessels of the other, in respect of voyages between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands, if laden, or in respect of any voyage, if in ballast,which shall not be equally imposed in the like cases on national vessels.
Article V
It hereby declared, that the stipulations of the present treaty are not to be understood as applying to the navigation and carrying trade between one port and another situated in the state of either contracting party, such navigation and trade being reserved exclusively to national vessels.
Article VI
Steam vessel of the United States which may be employed by the Government of the said States, in the carrying of their Public Mail across the Pacific Ocean, of from one port in that ocean to another, shall have free access to the ports of the Sandwich Islands, with the privilege of stopping therein to refit, to refresh, to land passengers and their baggage, and for the transaction of any business pertaining to the public Mail service of the United States, and be subject in such ports to no duties of tonnage, harbor, lighthouses, quarantine, or other similar duties of whatever nature of under whatever denomination.
Article VII
The Whale ships of the United States shall have access to the Port of Hilo, Kealakekua and Hanalei in the Sandwich Islands, for the purposes of re fitment and refreshment, as well as to the ports of Honolulu and Lahaina which only are ports of entry for all Merchant vessels, and in all the above named ports, they shall be permitted to trade or barter their supplies or goods, excepting spirituous liquors, to the amount of two hundred dollars ad va lorem for each vessel, without paying any charge for tonnage or harbor dues of any description, or any duties or imposts whatever upon the goods or articles so traded or bartered. They shall also be permitted; with the like exemption from all chargers for tonnage and harbor dues, further to trade or barter, with the same exception as to spirituous liquors, to the additional amount of one thousand dollars ad valorum, for each vessel, paying upon the additional goods and articles so traded and bartered, no other or higher duties, than are payable on like goods and articles, when imported in the vessels and by the citizens or subject of the most favored foreign nation.
They shall so be permitted to pass from port to port of the Sandwich Islands for the purpose of procuring refreshments, but they shall not discharge their seamen or land their passenger in the said Islands, except at Lahaina and Honolulu; and in all the ports named to this article, the whale ships of the United States shall enjoy in all respects, whatsoever, all the rights, privileges and immunities which are enjoyed by, or shall be granted to, the whale ships of the most favored foreign nation. The like privilege of frequenting the three ports of the Sandwich Islands, above named in this article, not being ports of entry for merchant vessels, is also guaranteed to all the public armed vessels of the United States. But nothing in this article shall be construed as authorizing any vessel of the United States, having on board any disease usually regarded as requiring quarantine, to enter during the continuance of such disease on board, any port of the Sandwich Islands, other than Lahaina or Honolulu.
Article VIII
The contracting parties engage, in regard to the personal privileges, that the citizens of the United States of America shall enjoy in the dominion of His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, and the subjects of his said Majesty in the United States of America, that they shall have freehand undoubted right to travel and to reside in the states of the two high contracting parties, subject to the same precaution a police which are practiced towards the subjects or citizens of the most favored nations. They shall be entitled to occupy dwellings and warships, and to dispose of their personal property of every kind and description, by sale, gift, exchange, will, or in any other way whatever, without the smallest hindrance or obstacle; and their heir or representatives, being subject or citizens of the other contracting party, shall succeed to their personal goods, whether by testament or ab intestato; and may take possession thereof, either by themselves or by others acting for them, and dispose of same by will, paying to the profit of the respective governments, such dues only as the inhabitants of the country wherein said goods are, shall be subject to pain in like cases. And in case of the absence of the heir and representative, such care shall be taken of said goods as would be taken of the goods of a native of the same country in like case, until the lawful owner may take measures for receiving them.
And if a question should arise among several claimants as to which of them aid goods belong, the same shall be decided finally by the laws and judges of the land wherein the said goods are. Where, on the decease of any person holding real estate within the territories of one party, such real estate would, by the laws of the land, descend on a citizen or subject of the other, were he not disqualified by a lien-age, such citizen or subject shall be allowed a reasonable time to sell the same, and to with draw the proceeds without molestation and exempt from all duties of detraction on the part of the government of the respective states. The citizens or subjects of the contracting parties shall not be obligated to pay, under any pretense whatever, any taxes or impositions other or greater than those which are paid, or may hereafter be paid, by the subjects or citizens of most favored nations, in the respective states of the high contracting parties. They shall be exempt from all military service, whether by land or by sea; from forced loans; and from every extraordinary contribution not general and by law established. Their dwellings, warehouses, and all premises appertaining thereto, destined for the purposes of commerce or residence shall be respected.
No arbitrary search of, or visit to, their houses, and no arbitrary examination or inspection whatever of the books, papers, or accounts of their trade, shall be made; but such measures shall be executed only in conformity with the legal sentence of a competent tribunal; and each of the two contracting parties engage that the citizens or subjects of the other residing in their respective States shall enjoy their property and personal security, in as full and ample manner of their own citizens or subjects, of the subjects or citizens of the most favored nation, but subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries restively.
Article IX
The citizen and subjects of each of the two contracting parties shall be free in the state of the other to manage their own affairs themselves, or to commit those affairs to the management of any persons whom they may appoint as their broker, factor or agent; nor shall the citizens and subjects of the two contracting parties be restrained in their choice of person to act in such capacities, nor shall they be called upon to pay and salary or remuneration to any person whom they shall not choose to employ.
Absolute freedom shall be given in all cases to the buyer and seller to bargain together and to fix the price of any good or merchandise imported into, or to be exported from the state and dominions of the two contracting parties;save and except generally such case wherein the laws and usages of the country may require the intervention of any special agent in the estate and dominion of the contracting parties. But nothing contained in this or any other article of the present Treaty shall be construed to authorize the sale of spirituous liquors to the natives of the Sandwich Islands, further than such sale may be allowed by the Hawaiian laws.
Article X
Each of the two contracting parties may have, in the ports of the other, consul, vice consul, and commercial agent, of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and power with those of the most favored nations; but if any such consul shall exercise commerce,they shall be subject to the same law and usage to which the private individuals of their nation are subject in the same place. The said Consul, vice consul, and commercial agents are authorized to require the assistance of the local authorities for the search, arrest, detention, and imprisonment of the deserters from the ships of war and merchant vessels of their country. For this purpose, they shall apply to the competent tribunal, judges and officers,and shall in writing demand the said deserters, proving,by the exhibition of the registers of the vessel, the rolls of the crews, or by other official document, that such individual formed part of the crew; and this reclamation being thus substantiated, the offender shall not be refused. Such deserters, when arrested shall be placed at the disposal of the said consul, vice consul, or commercial agents, and may be confined in the public prison, at the request and cost of those who all claim them, in order to be detained until the time when they shall be restored to the vessel to which they belonged, or sent back to their own country by a vessel of the same nation or any other vessel whatsoever.
The agent, owners or masters of vessels on account of whom the deserters have been apprehended, upon requisition of the local authorities shall be required to take or send away such deserters from the state and dominions of the contracting parties, or give such security for their good conduct as the law may require. But if not sent back nor reclaimed within six months from the day of their arrest, or if all the expenses of such imprisonment are not defrayed by the party causing such arrest and imprisonment, they shall be set at liberty and shall not be again arrested for the same cause.However, if the deserters should be found to have committed any crime or offense, their surrender may be delayed until the tribunal before which their case shall be depending, shall have pronounced its sentence, and such sentence shall have been carried into effect.
Article XI
It is agreed that perfect and entire liberty of conscience shall be enjoyed by the citizens and subjects of both the contracting parties, in the countries of the one of the other,without their being liable to be disturbed or molested on account of their religious belief. But nothing contained in this article shall be construed to interfere with the exclusive right of the Hawaiian Government to regulate for itself the schools which it may establish or support with inits jurisdiction.
Article XII
If any ships of war or other vessels be wrecked on the coasts of the states or territories of either of the contracting parties, such ships or vessels, or any parts thereof, and all furniture and appurtenance belonging thereunto, and all goods and merchandise which shall be stored with the least possible delay to the proprietors, upon being claimed by them or their duly authorized factors; and if there are no such proprietors or factors on the spot, then the said goods and merchandise, or the proceeds thereof, as well as all the papers found on board such wrecked ships or vessels, shall be delivered to the American or Hawaiian consul, or vice consul, in whose district the wreck may have taken place; and such consul, vice consul, proprietors, or factors, shall pay on the expenses incurred in the preservation of the property, together with the rate of salvage, and expenses of quarantine which would have been payable in the like case of a wreck of a national vessel; and the goods and merchandise saved from the wreck shall not be subject to duties unless entered for consumption, it being understood that in case of any legal claim upon such wreck, goods, or merchandise, the same shall be referred for decision of the competent tribunals of the country.
Article XIII
The vessels of either of the two contracting parties which may be forced by weather or other cause into one of the ports of the other, shall be exempt from all duties of port or navigation paid for the benefit of the state, if the motives which led to their seeking refuge be real and evident, and if no cargo be discharged or taken on board, save such as may relate to the subsistence of the crew, or be necessary for the repair of the vessels, and if they do not stay in port beyond the time necessary, keeping in view the cause which led to their seeking refuge.
Article XIV
The contracting parties mutually agree to surrender,upon official requisition, to the authority of each, all persons who, being charged with the crimes of murder, piracy,arson, robbery, forgery or the utterance of forged paper,committed within the jurisdiction of either, shall be found within the territories of the other; provided, that this shall only be done upon such evidence or criminality as, according to the laws of the place where the person so charged shall be found, would justify his apprehension and commitment for trial if the crime had there been committed: and the respective judges and other magistrates of the two Governments, shall have authority, upon complaint made under oath, to issue a warrant for the apprehension of the person do charged, that he may be brought before such judge or other magistrates respectively, to the end that the evidence of criminality may be heard and considered;and if, on such hearing, the evidence be deemed sufficient to sustain the charge, it shall be the duty of the examining judge or magistrate to certify the same to the proper executive authority, that a warrant may issued for the surrender of such fugitive. The expense of such apprehension and delivery shall be borne and defrayed by the party who makes the requisition and receives the fugitive.
Article XV
So soon as Steam or other mail packets under the flag of either of the contracting parties, shall have commenced running between their respective ports of entry, the contracting parties agree to receive at the post offices of those ports all mail able matter, and to forward it as directed, the destination being to dome regular post office of either country, charging thereupon the regular postal rate as established by law in the territories of either party receiving said mail able matter, in addition to the original postage of the office whence the mail as sent. Mails for the United States shall be made up at regular intervals at the Hawaiian Post Office, and dispatched to ports of the United States, the postmasters at which ports shall open the same, and forward the enclosed matter as directed, crediting in the Hawaiian Government with their postage's as established by law and stamped upon each manuscript or printed sheet.
All mail able matter destined for the Hawaiian Islands shall be received at the several post office in the United States and forwarded to San Francisco or other ports on the Pacific coast of the United States, whence the postmasters shall dispatch it by the regular mail packets to Honolulu, the Hawaiian government agreeing on their part to receive and collect for and credit the Post Office Department of the United State with the United States rates charged thereupon. It shall be optional to prepay the postage on letters in either country, but postage on printed sheets and newspapers shall in all cases be prepaid. The respective post office department of the contracting parties shall in their accounts, which are to be justified annually, be credited with all dead letters returned.
Article XV
The present treaty shall be in force from the date of the exchange of the ratification for the term of ten years, and further, until the and of twelve months after either of the contracting parties all have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same, each of the said contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice at the end of the said term of ten years, or at any subsequent term.
Any citizen or subject of either party infringing the articles of this treaty shall be held responsible for the same and the harmony and good correspondence between the two governments shall not be interrupted thereby, each party engaging in no way to protect the offender or sanction such violation.
Article XVII
The present treaty hall be ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of said States, and by His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, by and with the advice of his Privy Council of State, and the ratification's shall be exchanged at Honolulu within eighteen months from the date of its signature, or sooner if possible.In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same in triplicate, and have thereto affixed their seals. Done at Washington in the English language, the twentieth day of December, in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty nine.
The foreign Judges operating under the U.S. Constitution are bound because of the following article:
"Article. VI. All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any state to the Contrary notwithstanding."
With the help of Great Britain who instructed the U.S. to name the Hawaiian archipelago/ Hawaiian Islands /Ko Hawaii Pae Aina/ Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Kingdom under the name of Hawaii, it appears that the intent was to confuse, convolute the real name of our land mass.
The measurements of the Pacific Ocean also appears to be a move by Great Britain, United States, and France to give the appearance that they have an interest in whatever they measure. Great Britain, and the United States did play a role in financing France in measuring the Pacific Ocean and land masses.
Historians/geographers were used to change the oral history of our people and introduce their ideas.
1513 - September 25: Balboa/Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first European who was claimed to have discovered the Pacific Ocean and celebrated by foreigners as Balboa Day or the Pan-Pacific Day in 1915.
1788 - Captain Bligh
From Chroniclingamerica.com website:
The daily exchange. (Baltimore, Md.) 1858-1861, September 09, 1858, Image 2
Image provided by University of Maryland, College Park, MD
1915 -1915 - September 25: Mr. Alexander Hume Ford "discovered the peoples lying about the Pacific." The news media in Hawaii, the Honolulu star-bulletin printed the article on Pan Pacific Day with information about Balboa Day from 1513.
Queen Liliuokalani became Queen for a Day to celebrate Balboa Day.
ILLEGAL United States in the Hawaiian Islands. The following evidence shows why/how:
Kamehameha's descendants/heirs exist with evidence found through 26 years of genealogy research, 30+ years of history research, and more than 15 years of legal research............fyi.
The Illegal U.S. Court in the Hawaiian Islands:
In 1900, the Army, Navy and Federal officials developed the Territory/Territory of Hawaii.
As the successor to the Territory of Hawai‘i, the courts of the State of Hawai‘i derive their authority from an Act to provide for the admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union. Both the 1900 Territorial Act and the 1959 Statehood Act are municipal laws of the United States, which is defined as pertaining “solely to the citizens and inhabitants of a state, and is thus distinguished from…international law (Black’s Law, 6th ed., p. 1018).” In order for these laws to be applied over the Hawaiian Islands, international law, which are “laws governing the legal relations between nations (Black’s Law, 6th ed., p. 816),” requires the cession of Hawaiian territory to the United States by a treaty prior to the enactment of these municipal laws. Without a treaty of cession, the Hawaiian Islands remain outside of United States territory, and therefore beyond the reach of United States municipal laws.
Oppenheim, International Law, vol. I, 285 (2nd ed.), explains that, cession of “State territory is the transfer of sovereignty over State territory by the owner State to another State.” He further states that the “only form in which a cession can be effected is an agreement embodied in a treaty between the ceding and the acquiring State (p. 286).” There exists no treaty of cession where the United States acquired the territory of the Hawaiian Islands under international law. Instead, the United States claims to have acquired the Hawaiian Islands in 1898 by a Joint Resolution—To provide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. Like the 1900Territorial Act and the 1959 Statehood Act, the 1898 Joint Resolution of Annexation is a municipal law of the United States, which has no effect beyond the territorial borders of the United States.
In 1936, the United States Supreme Court, in United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp., 299 U.S. 304, 318, stated, “Neither the Constitution nor the laws passed in pursuance of it have any force in foreign territory.” The following year, the Supreme Court, in United States v. Belmont, 301 U.S. 324, 332 (1937), again reiterated that the United States “Constitution, laws and policies have no extraterritorial operation unless in respect of our own citizens.” These two cases merely reiterated what the Supreme Court, in The Apollon, 22 U.S. 362, 370, stated in 1824 when the Court addressed whether or not a municipal law of the United States could be applied over a French ship—The Apollon, in waters outside of U.S. territory. In that case, the Supreme Court stated, “The laws of no nation can justly extend beyond its own territories except so far as regards its own citizens.”
Although the 1898 Joint Resolution of Annexation has conclusive phraseology that makes it appear that the Hawaiian Islands were indeed annexed, the act of annexation, which is the acquisition of territory from a foreign state, could not have been accomplished because it is still a municipal law of the United States that has no extraterritorial effect. In other words, a treaty is a bilateral instrument, whereby one state cedes territory to another state, thus consummating annexation in the receiving State, but the 1898 Joint Resolution of Annexation is a unilateral act that is claiming annexation occurred without a cession evidenced by a treaty.
As a replacement for a treaty that signifies consent by the ceding State, the resolution instead provides the following phrase: “Whereas the Government of the Republic of Hawaii having, in due form, signified its consent, in the manner provided by its constitution, to cede absolutely and without reserve to the United States of America all rights of sovereignty of whatsoever kind in and over the Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies.” In The Apollon, the Supreme Court also addressed phraseology in United States municipal laws, which is quite appropriate and instructive in the Hawaiian situation. The Supreme Court stated, “however general and comprehensive the phrases used in our municipal laws may be, they must always be restricted in construction to places and persons, upon whom the legislature has authority and jurisdiction (p. 370).”
It would be ninety years later, in 1988, when the United States Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel, would stumble over this American dilemma in amemorandum opinion written for the Legal Advisor for the Department of State regarding legal issues raised by the proposed Presidential proclamation to extend the territorial sea from a three mile limit to twelve. After concluding that only the President and not the Congress possesses “the constitutional authority to assert either sovereignty over an extended territorial sea or jurisdiction over it under international law on behalf of the United States (p. 242),” the Office of Legal Counsel also concluded that it was “unclear which constitutional power Congress exercised when it acquired Hawaii by joint resolution. Accordingly, it is doubtful that the acquisition of Hawaii can serve as an appropriate precedent for a congressional assertion of sovereignty over an extended territorial sea (p. 262).”
The opinion cited United States constitutional scholar Westel Woodbury Willoughby,The Constitutional Law of the United States, vol. 1, §239, 427 (2d ed.), who wrote in 1929, “The constitutionality of the annexation of Hawaii, by a simple legislative act, was strenuously contested at the time both in Congress and by the press. The right to annex by treaty was not denied, but it was denied that this might be done by a simple legislative act. …Only by means of treaties, it was asserted, can the relations between States be governed, for a legislative act is necessarily without extraterritorial force—confined in its operation to the territory of the State by whose legislature enacted it.” Nine years earlier in 1910, Willoughby, The Constitutional Law of the United States, vol. 1, §154, 345, wrote, “The incorporation of one sovereign State, such as was Hawaii prior to annexation, in the territory of another, is…essentially a matter falling within the domain of international relations, and, therefore, beyond the reach of legislative acts.”
"The U.S. Supreme Court has held that a “tribe” is a political and not a racial entity, Lilly said. “If there was such a tribe, then all the multi-ethnic peoples who were citizens of the Hawaiian Monarchy would be members of that tribe,” Lilly said." ----Wrong.....there is no method to override the Monarchy.......Sovereigns, their heirs are Not subject to the laws. Sovereign's hanai hookama "inherited Sovereignty"; Minister of Foreign Affairs/Acting Liaison of Foreign Affairs with family(ies) and attaches (Kanaka Maoli) under International Laws. The criminal assumption of a neutral non violent, friendly nation which was and remains issues of pirate and plunder activities, criminal malfeasance, fraud, conspiracies, premeditation, terrorist activities, genocide, and documented as being the biggest "HEIST" in history. The Hawaiian Kingdom Sovereigns heirs and successors existed then and their descendants/heirs exists today. The 1849 Treaty remains in place, is a contract that involves ONLY the President, the Department of State, Kauikeaouli/Kamehameha III's heirs (and successors)...not any other such as the Attorney General Office, State of Hawaii, OHA/Office of Hawaiian Affairs...........Corruption, criminal deviance, conspiracies, genocide are evidence of War Crimes and can be prosecuted......those who perpetuate the crimes, etc. are War Criminals, etc........Because the Royal Families exists, and facts found that non owners, non title holders conveyed lands to the U.S. Government, Fraud is documented and the U.S./U.S.A. who did support pirates, treasonous persons means that the U.S./U.S.A. et. als did Plunder Upon Innocents in the Hawaiian Islands, and evidence shows that the U.S./U.S.A. etc. are tresspassers on Royal Families lands, etc....It is Not O.K. to utilize monies, lands, mineral rights, water rights of Sovereigns, Kanaka Maoli, from a neutral, friendly, non-violent, already recognized Nation since 1810....for the purposes of War, Plundering Upon Innocents in the World.....Furthermore, the Royal Families are also part of the Families of Queen Liliuokalani.
Genocide Activities Files recorded at the Honolulu Police Department........Issues ongoing.
EXPOSING THE FRAUDS, CORRUPTION IN THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO
by Amelia Gora (2016)
Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estates/KSBE owes rents and leases to our Royal Families...........
Let us look at the major points and break down what occurred over time:
* Charles Reed Bishop, attorney, banker, early American spy arrived in the Hawaiian Islands with his lover William Lee.
* Charles Reed Bishop marries Alodio/Ano Alodio land owner Bernice Pauahi who had other husbands as well.
* Charles Reed Bishop finances plantation leasors, businesses.
* Charles Reed Bishop provides for his family in the Will of Bernice Pauahi Bishop. His sister's child was named Bernice Pauahi Dunham - current U.S. President Obama's ancestor.
* Other friends of Charles Reed Bishop was provided for in the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Will. They were all aliens and entitled to only Fee Simple, less than alodio lands.
*Charles Reed Bishop and Friends spread lies that Bernice Pauahi Bishop was the "last of the Kamehameha's". See article by terrorist Sanford B. Dole in 1874., etc.
* Trustees of KSBE, etc. claimed to be the owners of the Trust of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estates.
* Treasonous Judges claimed that they made the rules and the rules became laws.
* The move to change Kamehameha III's deeds of alodio/ano alodio and Fee Simple were made through the judges, media, Bailey who wrote the INDICES OF AWARDS in 1929. 'alodio titles in fee simple'.
* Everyone believed that there was only Fee Simple until the truth was revealed in Kamehameha III's speech of 1851.
* Bernice Pauahi Bishop's Families who are also part of the Royal Families are the Alodio/Ano Alodio owners of lands in the Hawaiian Islands.
* Bernice Pauahi Bishop's Families who are also part of the Royal Families are the Landlords, not the KSBE/ Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estates Trustees who are Aliens and not entitled to Alodio/Ano Alodio lands.
* Charles Reed Bishop and friends caused injuries, war crimes on the Royal Families and all Alodio/Ano Alodio land owners in the Hawaiian Islands.
* Annexation did not occur. Oppositions by our Queen and her subjects numbering 40,000 opposed Annexation in 1897 and 1898.
* Lies made and the 'Army, Navy, and Federal officials of the United States' helped to develop the Territory of Hawaii, made Hawaii a Cash Cow for taxes, etc. operated Piracy, pillaging activities, etc.
* The Territory of Hawaii which turned into the State claimed to be the "successor of the Kingdom of Hawaii".
* The Kingdom of Hawaii exists which means that the U.S. in Hawaii is operating a non-government, a fraudulent set up, a Sham and is the cause of a huge black eye for the U.S. and American Empire who uses Hawaii, the Cash Cow, a neutral, friendly, non violent nations assets, lands, mineral rights, etc.
*The Royal Families exists which also exposes criminal activities which began with the works of early American spy named Charles Reed Bishop who worked for the American Consulate upon arrival in the Hawaiian archipelago.
* The Royal Families are and remain the Alodio/Ano Alodio land owners from a Constitutional Monarchy government infiltrated by wanna bes, Aliens since the time of the Missionary arrival in 1820.
All the above are exposed for the World to see.
Informing many because..............
Something STINKS...............(.and I know it's NOT ME) WICKED TO THE MAX!
Judicial Tribunal Evidence: Alexander Hume Ford -Discoverer of Hawaii or How bankrupt nations England and the United States Rewrote Hawaii's History For Their Purposes
A Review
by Amelia Gora (2015)
The following is evidence for the Judicial Tribunal showing how Alexander Hume Ford became the Discoverer of Hawaii or How bankrupt nations England and the United States Rewrote Hawaii's History for Their Purposes:
300 A.D. - Polynesians/kanaka maoli discovered the Hawaiian archipelago.
1513 - September 25: Balboa/Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first European who was claimed to have discovered the Pacific Ocean and celebrated by foreigners as Balboa Day or the Pan-Pacific Day.
1843 - 1844 The United States of America, England, France, and other nations recognized the Hawaiian Kingdom as an independent, civilized, Christian nation.
1850 - Treaty of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States of America signed by Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli and President Taylor which was ratified by Congress.
1858 - April 8 - The Pacific Commercial Advertiser printed an article about "Polynesia is a term applied by geographers to the island region of the Pacific Ocean and comprehends a belt of thirty degree north....the principal groups north of the equator are the Pelew, Ladrone, Caroline, Radack, Marshall, Gilbert and Sandwich Islands....." "Uncivilized races are but children of another growth, and should be treated as such....."
Note: suspect that the English had something to do with this article because the Treaty with the English included the"Sandwish Islands".....Research incomplete.
Also note that this article came out 15 years AFTER the United States of America, England, France and other nations recognized the Hawaiian Kingdom.
This article also came out eight (8) years after the treaty of friendship, the 1850 Treaty of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States of America was signed.
1865 - The United States of America and England were bankrupt due to the amounts spent for the American Civil War.
1871 - The Banker's Secret Constitution was signed, usurping American Citizens.
1872 - Lot Kamehameha/Kamehameha V was said to be the "last of the Kamehameha's", a lie which was started by treasonous person Sanford B. Dole, head of the Provisional Government in 1893 who planned the dethronement of Queen Liliuokalani.
1874 - Sanford B. Dole wrote the article "Thirty Days of Hawaiian History" claiming that Kamehameha V was the "last of the Kamehameha's"
1883 - Ruth Keelikolani died. She too was claimed to be "the last of the Kamehameha's". Her heir was Bernice Pauahi/Bernice Pauahi Bishop.
1884 - Bernice Pauahi/Bernice Pauahi Bishop died and she too was claimed to be "the last of the Kamehameha's", which was a lie perpetuated for those who moved to assume Kamehameha's lands, including the Crown Lands, etc.
She was married to Charles Reed Bishop, treasonous person next to Sanford B. Dole, Lorrin Thurston, et. als. all members of the House of Representatives, the temporary, voted in part of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The other two (2) parts were permanent: 1) the Sovereign, his heirs and successors; and 2) the House of Nobles, their heirs/descendants.
1899 - The former United States of America became the United States and the American Empire. Nations who had Treaties with the United States were treated as equals, all others were considered lesser than and rules were lessened after being classified under the American Empire.
Note: See Peacock vs. Republic of Hawaii case, HAWAII REPORTS (1899)
Also in regards to the Hawaiian Kingdom, Lot Kamehameha/Kamehameha V, Ruth Keelikolani, and Bernice Pauahi were considered to be the "last of the Kamehameha's" after treasonous Sanford B. Dole wrote his article in 1874, or two (2) years after Lot/Kamehameha V died.
1915 - September 25: Mr. Alexander Hume Ford "discovered the peoples lying about the Pacific." The news media in Hawaii, the Honolulu star-bulletin printed the article on Pan Pacific Day with information about Balboa Day from 1513.
Queen Liliuokalani became Queen for a Day to celebrate Balboa Day.
1916 - Queen Liliuokalani was expected to sign a contract with the military/Aero Club.
1917 - Queen Liliuokalani died. Queen Liliuokalani denied signing a Trust Deed to Samuel Damon, William O. Smith, Curtis Iaukea, et. als. She did sign a Trust Deed to her hanai/adopted daughter Kaaumoana and the heirs of her blood to take care of her Estate.
1918 - Prince Kuhio took an out-of-court settlement -Kuhio Beach front- for the claims that Queen Liliuokalani denied signing a Trust with the usurpers Samuel Damon, William O. Smith, Curtis Iaukea, et. als.
Prince Kuhio sold Kuhio Beach, formerly Queen Liliuokalani's Waikiki beach front to
Ma Leo's Family /Fullard Leo's
With her husband, who was a strong athlete, they bought land from Prince Kuhio in Wakikiki which later became the International Market Place. She reminisced about the street cars that came out to Waikiki near her house and the beach. The Fullard-Leos bought Palmyra Island which was used by the US Government for the prosecution of WW II in the Pacific and later figured in a tragic yachting story.
1950 - U.S. Congress perpetuated the lies that Kamehameha V - Lot Kamehameha was the last of the Kamehameha Dynasty.
2015 - I, Amelia Gora, documented the facts that Kamehameha did have 19+ children, and his son Kauikeaouli/Kamehameha III had 10 children named Keawe 1; Keawe 2; Opunui; Kekipi; Keawe; Mahoe (w); Kahalaoa; Papa; Nalimu; and Albert Kunuiakea.
I, Amelia Gora, also documented the connections of the Kamehameha's, his heirs and his successors, his step children, hanai/adopted children for the records of the Hawaiian Kingdom; the successor relationship to the Kamehameha's from King Lunalilo, King Kalakaua, and Queen Liliuokalani.
Summary
The chronological history shown above remains as evidence to the criminal pursuit, the war crimes by bankrupt, pirate, pillaging nations who have been recorded for the World to see.
This documents the War Crimes by both the United States with the American Empire and England for their support in assuming lands, monies, assets, resources, etc. that is not theirs.
These also affects the treaties with the purpose of invoking the 1850 Treaty of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States of America, Article XIV, supporting Americans with their Constitution, etc.
Balboa and Alexander Humehume Ford were not the discoverer's of the Hawaiian Islands as covered in the news articles of 1915.
This article documents the multiples of lies which were perpetuated by bankrupt nations who pirated and pillaged the assets, etc. of a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation, whose Royal Families, the Kamehameha's, Kamehameha III - Kauikeaouli's, et. als. heirs, descendants, and successors exists even today.
"The courts of the Territory of Hawai‘i derived their authority under the 1900 Act to provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii. The predecessor of the Territory of Hawai‘i was the Republic of Hawai‘i, which the United States Congress in its 1993Joint Resolution—To acknowledge the 100th anniversary of the January 17, 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and to offer an apology to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii concluded was “self-declared.” The Republic of Hawai‘i’s predecessor was the provisional government, whom President Grover Cleveland reported to the Congress on December 18, 1893, as being “neither de facto nor de jure,” but self-declared as well. Furthermore, Queen Lili‘uokalani, in her June 20, 1894 protest to the United States referred to the provisional government as a “pretended government of the Hawaiian Islands under whatever name,” that enacted and enforced “pretended ‘laws’ subversive of the first principles of free government and utterly at variance with the traditions, history, habits, and wishes of the Hawaiian people.”
As the successor to the Territory of Hawai‘i, the courts of the State of Hawai‘i derive their authority from an Act to provide for the admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union. Both the 1900 Territorial Act and the 1959 Statehood Act are municipal laws of the United States, which is defined as pertaining “solely to the citizens and inhabitants of a state, and is thus distinguished from…international law (Black’s Law, 6th ed., p. 1018).” In order for these laws to be applied over the Hawaiian Islands, international law, which are “laws governing the legal relations between nations (Black’s Law, 6th ed., p. 816),” requires the cession of Hawaiian territory to the United States by a treaty prior to the enactment of these municipal laws. Without a treaty of cession, the Hawaiian Islands remain outside of United States territory, and therefore beyond the reach of United States municipal laws.
Oppenheim, International Law, vol. I, 285 (2nd ed.), explains that, cession of “State territory is the transfer of sovereignty over State territory by the owner State to another State.” He further states that the “only form in which a cession can be effected is an agreement embodied in a treaty between the ceding and the acquiring State (p. 286).” There exists no treaty of cession where the United States acquired the territory of the Hawaiian Islands under international law. Instead, the United States claims to have acquired the Hawaiian Islands in 1898 by a Joint Resolution—To provide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. Like the 1900Territorial Act and the 1959 Statehood Act, the 1898 Joint Resolution of Annexation is a municipal law of the United States, which has no effect beyond the territorial borders of the United States.
In 1936, the United States Supreme Court, in United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp., 299 U.S. 304, 318, stated, “Neither the Constitution nor the laws passed in pursuance of it have any force in foreign territory.” The following year, the Supreme Court, in United States v. Belmont, 301 U.S. 324, 332 (1937), again reiterated that the United States “Constitution, laws and policies have no extraterritorial operation unless in respect of our own citizens.” These two cases merely reiterated what the Supreme Court, in The Apollon, 22 U.S. 362, 370, stated in 1824 when the Court addressed whether or not a municipal law of the United States could be applied over a French ship—The Apollon, in waters outside of U.S. territory. In that case, the Supreme Court stated, “The laws of no nation can justly extend beyond its own territories except so far as regards its own citizens.”
Although the 1898 Joint Resolution of Annexation has conclusive phraseology that makes it appear that the Hawaiian Islands were indeed annexed, the act of annexation, which is the acquisition of territory from a foreign state, could not have been accomplished because it is still a municipal law of the United States that has no extraterritorial effect. In other words, a treaty is a bilateral instrument, whereby one state cedes territory to another state, thus consummating annexation in the receiving State, but the 1898 Joint Resolution of Annexation is a unilateral act that is claiming annexation occurred without a cession evidenced by a treaty.
As a replacement for a treaty that signifies consent by the ceding State, the resolution instead provides the following phrase: “Whereas the Government of the Republic of Hawaii having, in due form, signified its consent, in the manner provided by its constitution, to cede absolutely and without reserve to the United States of America all rights of sovereignty of whatsoever kind in and over the Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies.” In The Apollon, the Supreme Court also addressed phraseology in United States municipal laws, which is quite appropriate and instructive in the Hawaiian situation. The Supreme Court stated, “however general and comprehensive the phrases used in our municipal laws may be, they must always be restricted in construction to places and persons, upon whom the legislature has authority and jurisdiction (p. 370).”
It would be ninety years later, in 1988, when the United States Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel, would stumble over this American dilemma in amemorandum opinion written for the Legal Advisor for the Department of State regarding legal issues raised by the proposed Presidential proclamation to extend the territorial sea from a three mile limit to twelve. After concluding that only the President and not the Congress possesses “the constitutional authority to assert either sovereignty over an extended territorial sea or jurisdiction over it under international law on behalf of the United States (p. 242),” the Office of Legal Counsel also concluded that it was “unclear which constitutional power Congress exercised when it acquired Hawaii by joint resolution. Accordingly, it is doubtful that the acquisition of Hawaii can serve as an appropriate precedent for a congressional assertion of sovereignty over an extended territorial sea (p. 262).”
The opinion cited United States constitutional scholar Westel Woodbury Willoughby,The Constitutional Law of the United States, vol. 1, §239, 427 (2d ed.), who wrote in 1929, “The constitutionality of the annexation of Hawaii, by a simple legislative act, was strenuously contested at the time both in Congress and by the press. The right to annex by treaty was not denied, but it was denied that this might be done by a simple legislative act. …Only by means of treaties, it was asserted, can the relations between States be governed, for a legislative act is necessarily without extraterritorial force—confined in its operation to the territory of the State by whose legislature enacted it.” Nine years earlier in 1910, Willoughby, The Constitutional Law of the United States, vol. 1, §154, 345, wrote, “The incorporation of one sovereign State, such as was Hawaii prior to annexation, in the territory of another, is…essentially a matter falling within the domain of international relations, and, therefore, beyond the reach of legislative acts.”
Hawai‘i’s Queen and Courts of Competent Jurisdiction in the Hawaiian Islands