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What Are the Treaty Obligations of the U.S.A., England, and France?

                                                                      Review by Amelia Gora (2016)

The following article was found in The Pacific Commercial Advertiser, Wednesday, October 2, 1895:

 England and France claimed to have more powers over the United States Government.

REVIEWING THE TREATY(IES) With:

The United States of America:

1849/1850 - Treaty Active

ENGLAND:  to be completed - under construction

Sir Edward Gary "is responsible for the statement that British interests are safe in the hands of the United States.  Give the actual American protection, which can only be obtained by political union with the States and all hands will be satisfied.":

Background from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Grey,_1st_Viscount_Grey_of_Fallodon

"Grey retained his seat in the 1892 election with a majority of 442 votes and to his surprise was made Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs by William Ewart Gladstone (albeit after his son Herbert had refused the post) under the Foreign Secretary, Lord Rosebery. Grey would later claim that at this point he had had no special training nor paid special attention to foreign affairs.^[8] The new Under-Secretary prepared the policy for making Uganda a new colony, proposing to build a railway from Cairo through East Africa. There was continuity in presentation and preparation during the Scramble for Africa; foreign policy was not an election issue. The Liberals continued to incline towards the Triple Alliance, causing the press to write of a "Quadruple Alliance".

Grey later dated his first suspicions of future Anglo-German disagreements to his early days in office, after Germany had sought commercial concessions from Britain in the Ottoman Empire; in return they would promise support for a British position in Egypt. "It was the abrupt and rough peremptoriness of the German action that gave me an unpleasant impression"; not, he added, that the German position was at all "unreasonable," rather that the "method... was not that of a friend."^[9] With hindsight, he argued in his autobiography, "the whole policy of the years from 1886 to 1904 [might] be criticized as having played into the hands of Germany."^[10]

1895 statement on French expansion in Africa[edit]

Grey in 1895

Prior to the Foreign Office vote on 28 March 1895, Grey asked Lord Kimberley, the new Foreign Secretary, for direction as to how he should answer any question about French activities in West Africa. According to Grey, Kimberley suggested "pretty firm language."^[11]In fact, West Africa was not mentioned, but when pressed on possible French activities in the Nile Valley Grey stated that a French expedition "would be an unfriendly act and would be so viewed by England."^[12] According to Grey the subsequent row both in Paris and in the Cabinet was made worse by the failure of Hansard to record that his statement referred explicitly to the Nile Valley and not to Africa in general.^[13] The statement was made before the dispatch of the Marchand expedition—indeed, he believed it might have actually provoked it—and as Grey admits did much to damage future Anglo-French relations.^[14]

The Liberal Party lost a key vote in the House of Commons on 21 June 1895, and Grey was among the majority in his party that preferred a dissolution to continuing. He seems to have left office with few regrets, noting, "I shall never be in office again and the days of my stay in the House of Commons are probably numbered. We [he and his wife] are both very glad and relieved...."^[15] The Liberals were soundly defeated in the subsequent General Election, although Grey added 300 votes to his own majority.^[16] He was to remain out of office for the next ten years, but was sworn of the Privy Council in 1902.^[17] He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Northumberland in 1901.^[18]

Foreign Secretary 1905–1916[edit]

Grey caricatured by Spy forVanity Fair, 1903

With the Conservative government of Arthur Balfour divided and unpopular, there was some speculation that H. H. Asquith and his allies Grey and Richard Haldane would refuse to serve in the next Liberal government unless the Liberal leader Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman accepted a peerage, which would have left Asquith as the real leader in the House of Commons. However, the plot (called the "Relugas Compact" after the Scottish lodge where the men met) collapsed when Asquith agreed to serve as Chancellor of the Exchequer under Campbell-Bannerman. When Campbell-Bannerman formed a government in December 1905 Grey was appointed Foreign Secretary—the first Foreign Secretary to sit in the Commons since 1868. Haldane became Secretary of State for War. The party won a landslide victory in the 1906 general election. Whilst an MP he voted in favour of the 1908 Women's Enfranchisement Bill.^[19] When Campbell-Bannerman stepped down as Prime Minister in 1908, Grey was Asquith's only realistic rival to succeed his friend. In the event, Grey continued as Foreign Secretary, and held office for 11 years to the day, the longest continuous tenure in that office.

FRANCE:

to be completed.........under construction  ;)

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bilateral_treaties_signed_by_the_Kingdom_of_Hawaii

Under Kamehameha III[edit]

• United States of America, December 23, 1826 (Treaty)^[1]
• United Kingdom, November 13, 1836 (Lord E. Russell's Treaty)
• France, July 17, 1839 (Captain LaPlace's Convention)^[2]
• France, March 26, 1846 (Treaty)^[3]
• United Kingdom, March 26, 1846 (Treaty)^[4]
• Denmark, October 19, 1846 (Treaty)^[5]
• Hamburg, January 8, 1848 (Treaty)^[6]
• Agreement Touching Consular Notices (Danish and Hamburg Treaties), January 25, 1848
• United States of America, December 20, 1849 (Treaty)^[7]
• Sweden and Norway, July 1, 1852 (Treaty)^[8]
• Tahiti, November 24, 1853
• Bremen, March 27, 1854 (Treaty)

Under Kamehameha IV[edit]

• France, September 8, 1858 (Treaty)
• Belgium, October 4, 1862 (Treaty)
• Netherlands, October 16, 1862 (Treaty)^[9]
• Italy, July 22, 1863 (Treaty)^[10]
• Spain, October 9, 1863 (Treaty)^[11]

Under Kamehameha V[edit]

• Swiss Confederation, July 20, 1864 (Treaty)
• Russia, June 19, 1869 (Treaty)
• Japan, August 17, 1871 (Treaty)

Under Kalākaua[edit]

• New South Wales, March 10, 1874 (Postal Convention)
• United States of America, January 30, 1875 (Reciprocity Treaty)^[12]
• German Empire, 1879-80 (Treaty)^[13]
• Portugal, May 5, 1882 (Provisional Convention)^[14]
• United States of America, December 6, 1884 (Supplementary Convention)^[15]
• Hong Kong, December 13, 1884 (Money Order Regulations)
• Universal Postal Union, March 21, 1885 (Additional Act of Lisbon)
• Japan, January 28, 1886 (Convention)
• Universal Postal Union, November 9, 1886 (Ratification)
• Samoa, March 20, 1887 (Treaty)^[16]