• English America

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 Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1783)

•  British America

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 Republic of Texas(1836–1846)

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The Afghans

Origin of the names Afghan and Afghana[edit source | editbeta]

Tents of Afghan nomads in Badghis Province of Afghanistan who are known inPashto language as Kuchans. They mostlyGhilzais and migrate from region to region depending on the season. Early peasant farming villages came into existence inAfghanistan about 7,000 years ago.^[7]

Newly excavated Buddhist stupa at Mes Aynak in Logar Province of Afghanistan. Similar stupas have been discovered in neighboring Ghazni Province, including in the northern Samangan Province.

Names of territories during the IslamicCaliphate of the 7th century and onward.

Kelaut-I-Ghiljie, a small village-town inAfghanistan.

The earliest mention of the name Afghan (Abgân) is by Shapur I of the Sassanid Empireduring the 3rd century CE,^[4][8][9] which is later recorded in the 6th century in the form of"Avagānā" by the Indian astronomer Varāha Mihira in his Brihat-samhita.^[10] It was used to refer to a common legendary ancestor known as "Afghana", grandson of King Saul of Israel.^[1][11]

The Encyclopædia Iranica explains:^[10]

"From a more limited, ethnological point of view, "Afġān" is the term by which the Persian-speakers of Afghanistan (and the non-Paštō-speaking ethnic groups generally) designate the Paštūn. The equation [of] Afġān [and] Paštūn has been propagated all the more, both in and beyond Afghanistan, because the Paštūn tribal confederation is by far the most important in the country, numerically and politically. The term "Afġān" has probably designated the Paštūn since ancient times. Under the form Avagānā, this ethnic group is first mentioned by the Indian astronomer Varāha Mihira in the beginning of the 6th century in his Brhat-samhita."

Hiven Tsiang, a Chinese Buddist pilgrim visiting the Afghanistan area several times between 630 to 644 CE, speaks about the native tribes inhabiting the region.^[8][12] According to scholars such as V. Minorsky, W.K. Frazier Tyler and M.C. Gillet, the word Afghan has appeared in the 982 Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam, where a reference is made to a village.

"Saul, a pleasant village on a mountain. In it live Afghans".^[13]

Saul was probably located near Gardez, in the Paktia province of Afghanistan.^[13] Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam also speaks of a king in "Ninhar" (Nangarhar), who shows a public display of conversion to Islam, even though he has over 30 wives, which are described as "Muslim, Afghan, and Hindu" wives. It should be noted that some of these names were used as geographical terms. For example, Hindu (or Hindustani) has been used historically as ageographical term to describe someone who was native from the region known as Hindustan(Indian subcontinent).

Al-Utbi, the Ghaznavid chronicler, in his Tarikh-i Yamini records that many Afghans and Khiljies (possibly modern Ghilzais) enlisted in the army of Sabuktigin after Jayapala was defeated.

"The Afghans and Khiljies who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Subooktugeen, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to Ghizny."^[14]

Al-Utbi further states that Afghans and Ghilzais made a part of Mahmud Ghaznavi's army and were sent on his expedition to Tocharistan, while on another occasion Mahmud Ghaznavi attacked and punished a group of opposing Afghans, as also corroborated byAbulfazl Beyhaqi.^[15] In the 11th century, Afghans are mentioned in Al-Biruni's Tarikh-ul Hind("History of India"), which describes groups of rebellious Afghans in the tribal lands west of the Indus River in what is today Pakistan.^[13][16] It is recorded that Afghans were also enrolled in the Ghurid Kingdom (1148–1215).^[17] By the beginning of the Khilji dynasty in 1290, Afghans have been well known in northern India. Ibn Battuta, a famous Moroccantraveler, visiting Afghanistan following the era of the Khilji dynasty in 1333 writes.

"We travelled on to Kabul, formerly a vast town, the site of which is now occupied by a village inhabited by a tribe of Persians called Afghans. They hold mountains and defiles and possess considerable strength, and are mostly highwaymen. Their principal mountain is called Kuh Sulayman. It is told that the prophet Sulayman [Solomon] ascended this mountain and having looked out over India, which was then covered with darkness, returned without entering it."^[18]

—Ibn Battuta, 1333

A 16th-century Muslim historian writing about the history of Muslim rule in India states:

"He [Khalid bin Abdullah son of Khalid bin Walid] retired, therefore, with his family, and a number of Arab retainers, into the Sulaiman Mountains, situated between Multan and Peshawar, where he took up his residence, and gave his daughter in marriage to one of the Afghan chiefs, who had become a proselyte to Mahomedism. From this marriage many children were born, among whom were two sons famous in history. The oneLodhi, the other Sur; who each, subsequently, became head of the tribes which to this day bear their name. I have read in the Mutla-ul-Anwar, a work written by a respectable author, and which I procured at Burhanpur, a town of Khandesh in theDeccan, that the Afghans are Copts of the race of the Pharaohs; and that when the prophet Moses got the better of that infidel who was overwhelmed in the Red Sea, many of the Copts became converts to the Jewish faith; but others, stubborn and self-willed, refusing to embrace the true faith, leaving their country, came to India, and eventually settled in the Sulimany mountains, where they bore the name of Afghans."^[1]

—Ferishta, 1560-1620

In the writings of the 17th-century Pashto poet Khushal Khan Khattak, it states "Pull out your sword and slay any one, that says Pashtun and Afghan are not one! Arabs know this and so do Romans: Afghans are Pashtuns, Pashtuns are Afghans!"^[19]

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The Arabs

Arabs
العرب
Al-ʿArab

Al-Mutanabbi Al-Kindi Ibn Khaldun John of Damascus Philip the Arab Sharif Hussein Asmahan al-Atrash Omar Mukhtar Allal al-Fassi Yasser Arafat Gamal Abdel Nasser Ahmed Ben Bella Fairuz Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal Qaboos al-Said Mohammed Abdu Zainab al-Khawaja Fayeq Abdul-Jaleel Tawakkul Karman Naseer Shamma
Total population
approx. 422 million[1]
Regions with significant populations
Arab League	402,000,000[2]
Brazil	15,000,000–17,000,000[3]
Argentina	1,300,000–3,300,000[4][5]
United States	2,466,874[6]
France	1,500,000–2,000,000[7][8]
Iran	700,000 – 2,000,000[9]
Israel	1,500,000
Mexico	1,100,000[10]
Spain	800,000[11]
Turkey	500,000[12]
Australia	375,000[13]
Languages
Arabic, Modern South Arabian,[14][15] varieties of Arabic
Religion
Predominantly Islam Largest minority: Christianity; other religions
Related ethnic groups
Other Semitic peoples and various Afro-Asiatic peoples ********************************************** The Circassians Circassians Адыгэ The Circassian Flag Total population 4 million,[1] 5-8 million[2] Regions with significant populations  Turkey 140,000[3] - 3,000,000[4] [5]  Jordan 60,000[6]  Syria 120,000[7]  Russia 900,000[8] [7]  Germany 40,000[9] [10]  United States 25,000[1]  Israel 4,000[11]  Ukraine 1,010[9] [12]  Bulgaria 500[13]  Netherlands 500[9] Languages Circassian also Turkish, Arabic, Russian Religion Sunni Muslim minority Habze, Orthodox Christian, Catholic Related ethnic groups Abkhaz, Abaza, Kabarday, Ubykh ******************************************************* Summary The above ancient societies were deemed barbaric in 1844 by the English and others claiming to be the "civilized nations". It is now the year 2013 and the English along with other "civilized nations" continue to keep the above nations at bay while considering them "barbaric" nations still. With the ongoing criminal Plundering Upon Innocents by assuming these nations lands, resources, assets by the so called "civilized nations" for 169 years, disregarding the accomplishments, progresses made by these targeted nations.... the question is...................Who (really) are the "barbaric nations"?    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SBvLDYWqHw  What the World Needs Now note:  This is an Anti War Message by the House of Nobles, Hawaiian Kingdom, a neutral, friendly, non-violent nation References:  Chronicling American article, Wikipedia