Hawaii Great Statehood Petition of 1954 -- 120,000 Signatures Gathered in 2 Weeks On a Petition for Statehood for Hawaii
SUMMARY
On February 24, 1954 a petition containing 120,000 signatures left Hawai'i for Washington D.C. on a UAL Stratocruiser. "We, the undersigned people of Hawaii, hereby petition the Congress of the United States to act favorably on Statehood for Hawaii now."
The first day for signing was February 10 in Honolulu. A huge roll of newsprint was partly unrolled down the middle of Bishop Street the entire long block from Hotel to King. People lined up many rows deep on both sides, all day, waiting to sign what was then called the "Honor Roll." Bricks placed on the paper kept it from blowing and were used as stepping-stones. When fully unrolled the main segment had signatures running more than a mile. Segments of newsprint, and additional legal-size pages with lines for 32 signatures, were circulated throughout the islands. Some additional signatures were obtained as the plane made stops in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Denver.
The Advertiser published articles and photos every day. One especially memorable photo of an elderly man signing the petition has the caption: "Jack Paoakalani Heleluke, 74, retired member of the Royal Hawaiian Band who was born under the reign of King Kalakaua. Under his name he wrote '100 per cent Hawaiian.' "
On February 24 the 250 pound petition was wrapped and taken to the steps of 'Iolani Palace for a ceremonial sendoff including the Hawaiian civic clubs presenting chants, songs, hula, kahili and torch bearers. A heavenly blessing was also provided (rain).
In Washington the petition was delivered to the Senate office of Vice President Nixon as an official document held on display for members of Congress. Later it went to the National Archives where it now rests on a cradle in stack area 8e2a of the National Archives Building.
The Great Statehood Petition of 1954 was a proud chapter in Hawai'i's 110 year struggle to achieve Statehood. In 1849 King Kauikeaouli Kamehameha III, responding to pressures from Britain and France, prepared a provisional deed to cede the Kingdom of Hawai'i to the United States, and gave it to the United States Commissioner, but it was never implemented because the pressures abated. In 1854 the same King signed an order directing his Minister of Foreign Relations to take steps to ascertain the views of the United States regarding annexation of the Hawaiian islands and the terms and conditions under which such annexation could be obtained, and a treaty was drafted by the Hawaiian government in August, 1854 providing for the admission of Hawai'i into the United States with the status of full statehood, but during informal negotiations the United States did not agree. Over the next 105 years there were dozens of attempts to achieve Statehood, which finally succeeded in 1959.
The following sections are included on this webpage, in this order, and may be found by scrolling down to them.
(1) Honolulu Advertiser coverage of the "Honor Roll" petition process from February 10 through February 25, 1954. Selected quotes from articles and photo captions are provided on this webpage. Complete microfilm copies of the newspaper including full text and photos are available at the Hawai'i Public Library main branch.
(2) Comments describing the petition from archivist Charles E. Schamel, Center for Legislative Archives, The National Archives, Washington, DC
(3) All 32 names and addresses from the one signature-page that Mr. Schamel was able to photocopy and sent through the mail
(4) Governor Cayetano's Statehood Day Message to the People of Hawai'i August 16, 2002 was printed in at least one newspaper. Fortunately he also made the extra effort to publish it on the Governor's website. The website version included his signature, and the State Seal. The message is very strongly worded, and is greatly treasured by all who support unity, equality, and aloha for all. Governor Cayetano's message is copied exactly as it appeared on the Governor's website. The message has also been preserved as a freestanding webpage at:
http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/statehdgovmsg081602.html
(5) On August 15, 2003 Governor Linda Lingle issued a Statehood Day message. This was her first Statehood Day since taking office as Governor. Her message relied heavily upon the words of British Prime Minister Tony Blair, whose recent speech to a joint session of Congress had cited some of the reasons why Americans should feel entitled to proclaim their pride in being Americans. It is interesting that Governor Lingle's rambling message dwells on a foreigner's speech telling Americans why they should be proud to be Americans, rather than directly telling our own people of Hawai'i in her own words why we should celebrate our status as a state. Governor Lingle mentioned "equality" only once, and did not mention "unity" or "aloha" at all. Perhaps that's because she strongly favors and actively lobbies for the Native Hawaiian Recognition bill, and realizes that legislation establishing a race-based government to protect racially exclusionary benefits is not consistent with equality, unity, or aloha for all. Governor Cayetano's message on August 16, 2002 was much stronger, more personal, and considerably shorter and to the point.
(6) Some milestones along the 110 year path to Statehood, from 1849 to 1959, showing how the 1954 Great Statehood Petition fits into that history.
(7) Challenges to the statehood of Hawai'i by today's Hawaiian sovereignty independence activists, including resolutions in the state Legislature both for and against statehood
(8) Hawaiian Independence, Puerto Rican Independence, Guam Independence -- Conceptual Similarities, Political Cooperation, and Puerto Rican Terrorism Against U.S. Congress
http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/puertoricoguam.html
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(1) Honolulu Advertiser coverage of the "Honor Roll" petition process from February 10 through February 25, 1954. Selected quotes from articles and photo captions are provided on this webpage. Complete microfilm copies of the newspaper including full text and photos are available at the Hawai'i Public Library main branch. Unfortunately those articles and photographs were printed long before there was an internet, and the editor of this website does not have the technical skill, permission, or funds to transfer those documents to this webpage. What follows are some summaries, and excerpts copied from photocopies of microfilm available in the library.
The Honolulu Advertiser petition drive included unrolling a huge roll of newsprint for several blocks down the middle of Bishop Street, where people lined up several rows deep on both sides to sign their names to a petition to Congress to approve a Hawai'i Statehood bill in 1954. Approximately 120,000 signatures were gathered during a two-week period starting February 10, 1954, and continuing through a big sendoff at 'Iolani Palace reported in the February 25 newspaper. It is interesting to note that in the Statehood plebiscite on June 27, 1959, five years later, only140,744 ballots were cast. Thus the 120,000 signatures on the petition five years earlier was probably close to the number of voters at the time.
The February 11, 1954 Advertiser has a full page of photos taken February 10, the first day of collecting signatures. There's a spectacular photo showing a block-long segment of unrolled newsprint down the middle of Bishop St. from King to Hotel, with wall-to-wall people on both sides of it standing maybe 15 deep in places, waiting to sign. That file photo, greatly reduced in size, was reprinted in an article by Bob Krauss in the Honolulu Advertiser of February 25, 2004 (article copied below). Here is that reprinted small-size photo, whose URL was:
http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/dailypix/2004/Feb/25/lna.jpg
The February 11, 1954 photo page also has a photo of Governor King signing the petition (a Native Hawaiian); and a wonderful photo whose caption is quoted here: "Jack Paoakalani Helekule, 74, retired member of the Royal Hawaiian Band who was born under the reign of King Kalakaua. Under his name he wrote '100 per cent Hawaiian.' " The three photos mentioned here are also right at the beginning of Gavan Daws' coffee-table book entitled "Hawai'i 1959-1989: The First Thirty Years of the Aloha State With Memorable Photographs From the Honolulu Advertiser." Gavan Daws dedicated the book "to the memory of Buck Buchwach" who had been on the staff at the Advertiser and who spearheaded the petition drive. In Daws' book, the photo of the petition going down Bishop St. occupies the place of honor, as a full page (about legal-sized) directly across from page one.
Another newspaper photo caption explains that bricks were placed here and there on the strip of newsprint, both to keep it from blowing and to give people stepping stones where they could stand or kneel while signing, without soiling or ripping the paper.
Additional articles later indicate there were segments of newsprint sent to the neighbor islands for signatures. As discovered when communicating with the national archives in 2002, there were also legal-sized signature pages circulated throughout the islands, each page containing lines for 32 signatures (name and address). One of the newspaper articles also mentions these signature pages. The roll was first described as 3 miles long when unrolled, but later it was said to be one mile long (perhaps there was only enough time to fill the first mile of it with signatures). On Tuesday Feb 23 it had 116,000 signatures; but one of the articles said it was being sent by air to Washington on a UAL Stratocruiser and would be making stops along the way in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Denver where a subsidiary scroll would be made available for mainlanders who wished to sign. The final figure gave 120,000 as the number, indicating that no precise count was made (and apparently no list of signers was kept either).
In Washington, the petition was delivered to Vice President Nixon's office because he was presiding officer of the Senate; and it had to remain available for a while in case any Senator might demand to see any of the signatures. At the end, it was delivered to the National Archives. Every newspaper article refers to the petition as "the Honor Roll" or "Roll of Honor." February 25, page 1 has a big picture with the petition in front of the steps at 'Iolani Palace, getting a huge sendoff including Hawaiian chants, songs, hula, kahili bearers and torch bearers.
Honolulu Advertiser, February 21, 1954, page 1: "... Under the direction of Scoutmaster Fred Cordes, about 25 Boy Scouts from Troops 13 and 15 and Post 13 Saturday counted and pasted the 8,988 names received thus far from the Milkmen's March. ... Mrs. Corbett said she and approximately 25 women engaged in splicing Neighbor Island and "midget" rolls from throughout Oahu to the main web of newsprint have been "astounded and flabbergasted" at the number of signatures. She said one 35-foot length of newsprint, which is five-feet wide, had more than 3,200 signatures -- with signatures covering more than 120 of foot-long petitions with space for 32 names on them. ... The Boy Scouts used less than 100 feet of the newsprint Saturday to affix 8,988 names ..."
Honolulu Advertiser, Thursday February 25, 1954 page 1: Article accompanying a large photo of a ceremony at the steps of ‘Iolani Palace: "... Father David Bray came down the palace steps behind kahili bearers and torch bearers chanting in Hawaiian to open the ceremony. ... ‘Hawaii Ponoi' and the Star Spangles Banner opened and closed the ceremony respectively. In between there were ancient and modern hulas and the singing of a number of songs. Members of Hawaiian Civic clubs and entertainment troupes provided the entertainment. ..."
Honolulu Advertiser, Saturday February 27, 1954, page 1: "WASHINGTON, Feb. 26 (UP) -- Vice President Richard Nixon and Senate majority leaders responded to the Hawaiian people's mile-long statehood petition today with renewed promises to achieve admission of the territory as the 49th state. The 250 pound "honor roll," bearing the signatures of some 120,000 statehood-seeking Hawaiians was formally presented to Nixon in ceremonies at the capitol this afternoon. ... Hawaii Gov. Samuel W. King pointed out that the mass, popular signing of the mammoth petition was "entirely spontaneous" ... Asserting that Hawaiians "want to be paying members of the family," King said: "They do not want to be a commonwealth even if that were to mean no federal taxes."
The above parahraph yields several interesting observations. Note that the word "Hawaiian" is used on all three occasions in its proper usage, to refer to all the people of Hawai'i, and not as an ethnic name. Hawaiian sovereignty activists have succeeded over the years in capturing the word "Hawaiian" for racial purposes, to refer only to people of native Hawaiian ancestry. The word "Hawaiian" has come to imply that only people of native ancestry are the true Hawaiian hosts, while everyone else is merely a guest in the "Hawaiian" homeland. But as the word was used 50 years ago by all Hawai'i's people including ethnic Hawaiians, and as the word continues to be used by most residents of the other 49 states today, the word "Hawaiian" means anyone whose permanent residence is in Hawai'i, just as the word "Californian" refers to anyone whose home is in California. It is an unfortunate example of racial and cultural bigotry and oppression that people of European and Asian ancestry, some of whose families have lived in Hawai'i for eight generations, have been made to feel it is inappropriate to call themselves Hawaiians.
A second point to discover in that paragraph is that the issue of commonwealth status for Hawai'i was actively under discussion in 1954 and previously. Some sovereignty activists today like to claim that Hawai'i's people were never told they might have an option other than statehood or territorial status. What is now called "free association" was then included under the concept of "commonwealth" and the newspaper article makes clear that the possibility of such status was considered and rejected by Hawai'i's people.
On February 26, 2004 the Honolulu Advertiser columnist Bob Krauss, who was on the Advertiser staff in 1954, published an article as a tribute to the memory of Buck Buchwach who had spearheaded the 1954 petition drive. It is unfortunate that the Krauss article makes Mr. Buchwach the focus of his article instead of the petition itself. But no matter how Krauss might try to portray the petition as merely a publicity stunt to sell more newspapers, the fact remains that 120,000 Hawaiians signed it during a period of two weeks. No other petition in the history of Hawai'i ever attracted so many signatures, and no other cause has had so many enthusiastic supporters as the demand for Statehood. Here is the article by Bob Krauss:
http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/Feb/25/ln/ln40abob.html
The Honolulu Advertiser, Wednesday, February 25, 2004
OUR HONOLULU
Remembering statehood drive and Buchwach
By Bob Krauss
Advertiser Columnist
The historical photo with this story shows some of the 120,000 people who signed a Statehood Honor Roll exactly 50 years ago in a massive outpouring of support for giving people in Hawai'i the full benefits of U.S. citizenship. However, this is also the inside story about a unique journalist named Buck Buchwach who engineered the whole thing.
So let's step back 50 years to February 1954 when Hawai'i was still a territory, when "From Here to Eternity" was premiering in Our Honolulu, when Jim Michener lived in Waikiki and was writing "Hawaii" and when Henry J. Kaiser had just arrived for a visit. Television was so new that the TV schedule listed the time of the test patterns. Dan Inouye was running for Legislature.
Our big motherhood issue was statehood. We were victims of taxation without representation. As a territory, we elected a delegate to Congress who couldn't vote. He could only introduce bills and beg congressmen from other states to support them. The president appointed our governor.
Fifty years ago, 120,000 people signed a statehood petition that spanned a block of Bishop Street. It was the brainchild of publicist-journalist Buck Buchwach.
This was also the time when J. Akuhead Pupule was the highest-paid disc jockey in the world. In 1954, TV pioneer Kini Popo and myself sailed down the Ala Wai on a raft to prove that the owners of fancy yachts in Ala Wai Yacht Harbor probably migrated down the canal on rafts from the low-rent district in Kapahulu.
Enter Buck Buchwach, Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Oregon, U.S. Army veteran, star reporter for the Pacific Stars & Stripes during World War II when it was published from the Advertiser Building, Capt. George Chaplin, editor.
Buchwach was immediately hired by Advertiser editor Raymond "Boss" Coll when the war ended. He became our military reporter, the most important beat on the paper. But reporters then were lucky to get $50 a week. You could make more money shining shoes in the Alexander Young Hotel's barbershop .
Meanwhile, glamorous press agents with fat expense accounts operated from tables in the Outrigger Club bar on Waikiki Beach. Dole Pineapple Co. wooed Buchwach from the straight and narrow by dangling a big salary in front of his nose.
He turned out to be an inspired public relations man. He sold pineapples in ways you wouldn't believe. He went on Frank Sinatra's payroll as publicist and worked for Harry Truman on vacation. He became co-producer for J. Akuhead Pupule's television show that flopped. But such commercial ventures did not satisfy Buchwach. He was really a newspaperman at heart, a concerned citizen and defender of the Constitution.
That's why he invented the Statehood Honor Roll. He could be a public relations man and patriotic at the same time. If we had more like him, this country would be better off. Consider what he did. He waited until Congress was going to consider statehood for Hawai'i again. Then talked the governor and important politicians into marching down Bishop Street with a Dixieland band.
He gave The Advertiser exclusive rights to the story. I'm not sure he didn't write it himself. He got the milkmen of Honolulu to attach notes to deliveries to urge people to sign up. On the first day of signing, he unrolled a spool of newsprint a block long on Bishop Street and let people sign the Statehood Honor Roll.
It created a traffic jam downtown. People couldn't wait to sign up. Between Feb. 10 and Feb. 25 (the deadline was extended because so many people wanted to sign), the Honor Roll collected 120,000 names. Buchwach himself, 50 years ago today, carried it to Washington.
Of course, Southern senators killed the statehood bill again. We had to wait until 1959. In the meantime, Buchwach realized that being a press agent isn't all that great. A Statehood Honor Roll is a once-in-a-lifetime promotion.
He took a cut in pay to come back as The Advertiser's city editor. Nobody could mobilize a small staff for a big story like Buchwach. He became managing editor, executive editor and editor, then retired from the newspaper to become a public-relations consultant. Up until his fatal heart attack in 1989, promotion skills never deserted him.
While at the newspaper, he sold Advertiser shirts and mu'umu'us, and Advertiser-print teddy bears, Advertiser baseball caps and Advervisors. People bought Advertiser-print fabric for gifts. Some stuffy critics snickered behind Buchwach's back. They didn't know how many papers he was selling when we needed the circulation.
So here's to the Statehood Honor Roll and to the late Buck Buchwach, a journalist of many parts.
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On Sunday, February 29, 2004 Honolulu Advertiser columnist Bob Krauss added a little more information given to him by historian Tom Coffman, who was doing research in the National Archives.
http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/Feb/29/ln/ln54abob.html
The Honolulu Advertiser, Sunday, February 29, 2004
Honor Roll update and other bits
By Bob Krauss
News that you should know about keeps coming in over the back fence. Photo historian Tom Coffman called to say he was at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., recently, working on a video documentary, when the archivist said, "Follow me, I want to show you something." They went back into the stacks, and there was a 4-foot-high roll of newsprint cross-indexed under "Petition to the national government from the citizens of Hawai'i." It is the Statehood Honor Roll you may have read about on its 50th anniversary last Wednesday. It was signed by 120,000 residents of the Territory of Hawai'i in 1954. The late Buck Buchwach, a journalist-publicist who later became editor of The Advertiser, dreamed up the idea to urge Congress to pass the statehood-for-Hawai'i bill.
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The golden anniversary of Hawai'i's Great Statehood Petition of 1954 generated a fascinating series of guest editorials and letters to editor. A lengthy summary of this webpage was published in the on-line newspaper Hawaii Reporter as a guest editorial on February 24, 2004:
http://www.hawaiireporter.com/story.aspx?56413b95-806c-41a5-85da-38adfcebced3
Letters to editor are usually limited to 200 words. That makes it impossible to tell the whole story. Ken Conklin was successful in publishing letters to editor in three Hawai'i newspapers:
The Maui News, February 28, 2004
http://www.mauinews.com/letters/story/0228202004_let01GOlden0228.asp
also The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Sunday, February 29. 2004
http://starbulletin.com/2004/02/29/editorial/index.html
and the Honolulu Advertiser Monday, March 1, 2004
http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/Mar/01/op/op03aletters.html
The Maui News editors failed to include the URL for this webpage; the Star-Bulletin editors not only failed to include the webpage URL but also created a misleading headline for the letter. The best version of the letter was published by the Honolulu Advertiser.
http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/Mar/01/op/op03aletters.html
The Honolulu Advertiser, Monday, March 1, 2004
Golden anniversary of Great Statehood Petition
In February 1954, a petition with 120,000 signatures left Hawai'i for Washington, D.C. "We, the undersigned people of Hawai'i, hereby petition the Congress of the United States to act favorably on Statehood for Hawai'i now."
A roll of newsprint had signatures running more than a mile by people lining both sides of Bishop Street. Pages were circulated throughout the Islands.
One photo of an elderly man signing the petition has the caption: "Jack Paoakalani Heleluke, 74, retired member of the Royal Hawaiian Band who was born under the reign of King Kalakaua. Under his name he wrote '100 percent Hawaiian.' "
The 250-pound petition was taken to the steps of 'Iolani Palace for a ceremonial sendoff, including the Hawaiian civic clubs presenting chants, songs, hula, kahili and torchbearers.
In Washington, the petition was delivered to the Senate, and later to its permanent place in the National Archives.
Fifty years later, does the governor have the political courage to organize any celebration of the Statehood Day (Admission Day) holiday?
The Great Statehood Petition of 1954 was a proud chapter in Hawai'i's 110-year struggle to achieve statehood, from 1849 until 1959. For more information see:
http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/statehoodpetition1954.html.
Kenneth Conklin
Kane'ohe
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Hawaiian sovereignty independence activists claim that the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893 was illegal, the annexation of Hawai'i to the United States in 1898 was illegal, and the statehood vote of 1959 was illegal. As might be expected, they reacted to Ken Conklin's celebration of the statehood petition with outrage. The following hateful letter was published in both the Honolulu Advertiser of March 3.
http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/Mar/03/op/op04aletters.html
and The Maui News of March 3
http://www.mauinews.com/letters/story/033202004_let15onthe0303.asp
http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/Mar/03/op/op04aletters.html
The Honolulu Advertiser, Wednesday, March 3, 2004
Most Hawaiians were against statehood
Kenneth R. Conklin (Letters, March 1), thank you for starting my day off well. Your repeated attempts at manipulating facts and lack of compassion for the injustices against Hawaiians really give me a good laugh.
Don't mistake me, racism is not a laughing matter. Your choice of how to hide it in bits and pieces arranged to give the impression that most Hawaiians were for statehood is.
For your information, Mr. Conklin, my mother told me herself no more than a week and a half ago she was fully against statehood. Herself a 100 percent Hawaiian, she told me she did not vote in the 1959 plebiscite because she "and most of the Hawaiians" were against it. She further stated that most Hawaiians were told if they didn't vote for statehood, they wouldn't be able to collect any of their pensions or Social Security retirement money.
You insinuate the majority of Hawaiians were in favor of statehood and you now want to celebrate this fallacy by making it a holiday. The majority of people who did vote, be it 1954 or 1959, were non-Hawaiians. You want a holiday, Mr. Conklin, go fish.
Foster Ampong
Lahaina, Maui
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Most Hawaiians of native ancestry are proud to be Americans, and proud that Hawai'i is the 50th state. Rubellite Kawena Kinney Johnson has for many years been a professor of Hawaiian studies at the University of Hawai'i's flagship campus at Manoa. She is highly respected in the Hawaiian community for many reasons, including her extensive knowledge of Hawaiian history, culture, and language; her teaching of Hawaiian heritage to thousands of people including many leaders in the ethnic Hawaiian community; and her translation of the ancient Hawaiian creation legend Kumulipo. Professor Johnson also has geneological credentials that give her high standing in many ethnic groups: she is a descendant of Kamehameha The Great with 50% native blood quantum, and a descendant of one of the pilgrims who arrived at Plymouth Rock on the Mayflower, and a descendant of one of the leaders of the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, and others. Here is her outstanding letter, ending with "Color me American by birth and by choice."
http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2004/Mar/08/op/op03aletters.html
The Honolulu Advertiser, Monday, March 8, 2004
I'm an American by birth, by choice
You published two points of view in recent days, one that recalled the petition for statehood for Hawai'i in 1954 and another reminding the world that some Native Hawaiians didn't sign that petition nor vote for statehood in 1959. I was one who did neither.
In 1954 I was not of voting age (21 years). In August of 1959 I was in California and not registered to vote in that state or from the territory. Instead I went to a lu'au put on by Hawaiians in San Diego to celebrate the admission of Hawai'i into the U.S. as a state. There were so many people there wasn't enough food to go around. What were they celebrating out of state? The Hawaiians there were unhappy when Alaska became the 49th state. Hawai'i was the 50th, so Old Glory would add another star in 1959.
I am Native Hawaiian by 50 percent, but the other 50 percent is blood from Europe and Asia, from France (Jourdaine), Austria (Dierke), England (Mayflower Pilgrims) that came from Huguenot ancestors running away from persecution in England and France since the time the Bible was translated into English by William Tyndale, a relative who gave his life at the stake for reducing Biblical language into the unapproved vernacular at that time. Add Portuguese from a Catholic grandmother who came around the Horn at age 2 on the Vapor Hansa from Sao Miguel, Azores. A Chinese great-grandfather called Ah Chong (Pake) in Puna, originally from Fukien province, one of those with no interest in going home again.
I know his 50 percent Hawaiian daughter, my grandmother, wasn't around to vote for statehood in 1959 because she died in 1954, but everybody else in my family did — father, mother, sisters, brother (who fought in Korea and lies buried in the veterans' cemetery in Kona since April 2001). We were born when Hawai'i was a territory. All our children and grandchildren were born here and in other states in the union as Americans. We are descendants of aboriginal Polynesian navigators, Hawaiian chiefs and commoners (maybe even kauwa from La'auhaelemai) and immigrants. Color me American by birth and by choice.
Rubellite Kawena Kinney Johnson
Honolulu
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(2) Comments describing the petition from archivist Charles E. Schamel, Center for Legislative Archives, The National Archives, Washington, DC
By e-mail Ken Conklin established contact with archivist Charles E. Schamel at the National Archives who was able to locate the Roll of Honor petition for Statehood, and who sent through ordinary mail photographs of it in its current resting place, together with a photocopy of one sample signature page. There is no list of names of the signers, and the petition (on 50-year-old newsprint!) is too fragile to be unrolled beyond a brief starting portion.
Mr. Schamel sent a photograph of himself alone, holding up the red, white, and blue end of the petition which he apparently unrolled for one revolution; and another photo of himself and his colleague William Davis, both holding up the end of the petition. Mr. Schamel also sent a photocopy of one legal-size page of 32 signatures. Since each signature includes an address, it is possible that anyone who was young enough then might actually be able to be located today, perhaps even at the same address!
Here are portions of some e-mails from Mr. Schamel:
"The petition you seek is among the records at the National Archives. It is located in the National Archives Building at 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC 20408. It is part of the holdings of the Center for Legislative Archives which has offices on the second floor, room 205. You may contact the Center by telephone at (202)501-5350.
"It is said to contain 116,000 signatures (Journal of the US House of Representatives, 83rd Congress, 2nd session, Feb. 26, 1954, page 159). Most of the signatures are on lined forms printed in local newspapers. The newspaper forms, which are about the size of legal sized typing paper, are glued onto a backing of thin canvas-like material. The cradle upon which the petition is supported is marked with a sign indicating that the petition weighs 259 pounds.
"The petition is quite large and heavy, and has been stored in a secure room in the National Archives Building for many years. The petition is clearly extremely fragile and any attempt to unroll it would be extremely expensive and would require a very large viewing area. In order to view the document it would first be necessary for the National Archives Document Conservation Staff to carefully examine the entire document and carry out preservation treatment procedures on each individual page in the document (news print is one of the most fragile types of paper and deteriorates extremely rapidly). Indeed, it would probably be necessary to destroy the original format of the document to preserve it.
"Sorry it has taken so long to obtain the photographs of the 1954 Hawaiian Statehood Petition. However, I now have them and will put them in the mail today. As I explained, the rolled petition is very large and very fragile. In its completely rolled state, only a single line of text can be seen by the camera. Therefore I and a colleague held the top of the petition up so that the photographer could photograph it. Enclosed are the following:
"1. A photograph of me holding the very top of the petition so that you can see the entire title of the document. The photograph was taken in stack area 8e2a of the National Archives Building in Washington DC.
"2. A photograph of a colleague, William Davis and myself, holding the petition extended further so that the first row of petition pages shows. The body of the petition consists of a very large number of the petition pages attached to the canvas roll by scotch tape. Between the red, white, blue and black title at the head of the document and the petition pages is a short area where numerous people signed the canvas petition with crayons, pencils and pens as you can see.
"3. One of the scotch taped petition pages had become detached from the canvas backer, allowing me to make an electrostatic copy which I have also enclosed."
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(3) Following is a copy of one signature-page from the petition, typed into the computer from looking at a photocopy of a then-48-year-old document. All the contents of the page are provided, including 32 names and addresses. Everything above the first name was printed by machine, and then the signatures and addresses were handwritten on a page with 32 printed lines and a line down the middle. It is possible that some names and addresses might have small inaccuracies or misspellings due to the difficulty of reading some of the handwriting (everyone wrote in script, not printing). Website editor Ken Conklin has tried to copy what appears to be written, even if that causes spelling errors from how he knows a word should be spelled. The signers probably did not make spelling errors, but the combination of penmanship and fading causes Ken Conklin to copy what he sees rather than what may have been intended or what would be correct. But most of the penmanship was clear. Abbreviations, with or without periods, are copied as seen. Since each signature includes an address, it is possible that anyone who was young enough then might actually be able to be located today, perhaps even at the same address!
THE CITIZENS OF HAWAII, USA
PETITION FOR STATEHOOD NOW
We, the undersigned people of Hawaii, hereby petition the Congress of the United States to act favorably on Statehood for Hawaii now.
NAME ADDRESS
Francis I. Fujita 1059-C Kinau St
Harold H. Higaki 3907 Pili Place
Masami Iwamura 1055 Kupau Street, Lanikai
Margaret H. Yarnadd 2153 Booth Road
Helen H. Matsuda 1923 Date Street
Lily M. Kawaoka 2012 Linohau Way
Victor Nakamura 1347-B Ekaha Ave
Raymond Yamamoto 2909-A Oahu Ave.
Harry H. Kim 728-B Twin View Dr.
E. Tsui Yonokawa 1040-D Kinau St.
Clement S. Hong 2306 Armstrong St.
Hiroto Mukai 1145-B Davenport St
Edwin M. Hironaga 2326 Pio Place
E S Matsui 2460 B S. King St.
Albert Dumic 2952 Robert Place
Sally C. Oyama 1608 Leilehua Lne.
Paul Keaka 2250 Kaululaau St.
Florence H. Tanaka 5286 Halapepe St.
Ruth H. Tokumoto 3055 A Puhala Rise
Thomas T. Yamane 632-A Sheridan Street
Kimi Nakauchi 785 Kinau Street
Akira Yonamine 2021 Houghtailing St
Richard Masonume 2428 St Louis Dr.
Edmund C. Y Young 2607 Stream Dr. [might be Sturm]
Karen Suganto [??] 2457 Hardesty St. [both name and address are faded]
Waldorf R. Wilson 642 Makini St.
Margaret Y. Sacchi 2618 Maunawai Pl.
Lily C.H. Po 54 New Era Lane
Jessamine S. Char 614 Holokahana Lane
Elsie Lau 1317-A Emma St
Emma L. Kapohakinohewa 1004 Maunaihi Pl.
Replies
Mahalo for the response,
Dealing with the aftermath of subbing in Waianae...it is so sad to know how outsiders come into our community and turn our children into misguided kids. I just don't understand why? But, need to move on!
Thanks for the return this is important to me that there be a response to this insanity of yes or no! We must share with the new generation as to what or how devastating a fake state can create dismay to the Pacific. Hopefully Guam will resist!
The people of Guam have been resisting for a long time now..............
My maternal grandfather was part Chamorro, Costillian Spanish (French, Norwegian, Spanish) and Apache Indian (Geronimo's descendant)..............last name Castro, as in part of the family who are the owners of Castro Beach in Guam..........
Some of our families stays in contact with them...........interesting how Guam connects due to the Spanish-American War.........
The Spanish questioned the Americans over the Hawaiian Islands in the past.........then the U.S. moved to war with them based on the media of the period encouraging War based on the claims that the Spanish blew up the ship MAINE, when the boilers actually blew up and the Spanish were blamed.
The Spanish suffered severe losses...in the thousands versus the Americans with less than a 100.
Who aside from some of us who have maintained the oral history over time?
Those who were wrongfully PLUNDERED UPON.........such as Spain, Japan, Germany, Haiti, Guam, Phillippines, China, and of course the ones who did wrong: the U.S., England, the Morgan bankers (includes the International bankers/Bank of England), etc.
aloha.
p.s. obtw we have many Castro's running around here, Guam, and on the mainland...........because grampa had many siblings...........around 21+ and many were twins.........have yet to meet cousins from those lines...........they were the early paniolo/horsemen on the Big Island, etc. The Mendiola family are part of our cousins........and Tane kinda reminds me of those families as well...hmmm....
I remember that incident and was disgusted with it. Unfortunately, the spin-master, Conklin likes to reinterpret things along with facts. His self-invented arguments are nefarious at best.
People in the islands referred to themselves as "Locals" and immigrants rfrom the U.S. referred themselves as "Hawaiians" It was a mish-mash of deffinitions; but most locals referred the kanaka maoli (Polynesian Hawaiians as Hawaiians. If you were a mix of Hawaiian, Asian (Usually Chinese), Portuguese and/or Caucasian were were called Cosmopolitan. Bi-ethnic people werre referred to as Hapa. Asian-caucasian mix was called Eurasian. The only racism back then as is today was white vs. non-white. The Massie case was still fresh in people's minds back then. Whites were the only ones practicing racism and non-whites retaliated against them. It was more evident in the miilitary personnel and their families.
Japanese back then tried their best to emulate the haole caucasians so they would fit in and hopefully be acceptable by them; especially since Pearl Harbor incident and tried to prove themselves. Newspapers, media, and businesses were largely controlled by U.S. white Americans. Plantations were phasing out and hiring asian immigrant laborers.
It was correctly reported that a massive, vigorous campaign was actively promoted in every aspect of the media and schools. Even churches promoted it. What Conklin promotes is a one-sided position as were the media and used and highlighted token "native Hawaiians" to give it a more Polynesian face. Rubellite Johnson has much to gain witth her ancestry tied to the U.S. American side of her ethnicity especially asserting her Pilgrim heritage despite her Polynesian looks. Fair-skinned Hawaiian-Polynesian mix were apt to fare better in the U.S. American racist society than darker-skinned Hawaiians.
It was drilled in us that we were second-class citizens if we remained a territory and not a state and that it was taxation without representation if we remained a territory. Basically we were still perceived as foreigners; including in the international arena. Hawaiians back then were belittled with the invented argument that we wanted to go back to the little grass shack and live in the past rather than in the present.
The spin-master, Conklin, fails to mention the Ku'e Petitions of 1897 whereby the overwhelming subjects of the Kingdom signed the massive petitions against annexation. Also, prior to the U.S. invasion and belligerent occupation, the U.S. sent many U.S. Americans to the islands to tip the population equation and after the occupation, violated the law of occupation by allowing more U.S. Americans into Hawaii to further tip the scales of residents in their favor and banned Chinese or any asians/non-whites from further immigration to Hawaii.
The U.S. hoped that forced assimilation would change the complexion of Hawaii to be more U.S. WASP American and that the generation following would be brained-washed and conditioned to forget the factual history and comply with the U.S. doctrines. As far as statehood, there were supposed to be all options on the ballot of the plebiscite.
The news media and politicians disregarded the objections for leaving out independence or commonwealth and condensed the vote to statehood for equality or remain second-class citizens with no voice in government and taxation without representation as a territory. The asians and caucasians voted for statehood and didn't want commonwealth or remain a terrritory. A few Hawaiians voted for statehood, most that voted were against it and majority did not vote, period or were prevented in voting because they were against statehood and their bosses knew it.
I was 16 years old at the time and was very vocal against statehood. I cursed the U.S.A. as they rang the bells in Honolulu in jubilation of Eisenhower signing the Statehood Act. I was in school when it went on. How I hated it!...I still resent it. Since then, we still pay more taxes and not much representation. The U.S. oligarchy is more powerful in that country and corruption runs rampant. Not much has changed since they proclaimed statehood and slavery is imbeded in the U.S.; instead it is in the wages and cost of living that everyone suffers from. The upper-class gets richer; the middle-class and the lower-class gets poorer. So much for ffreedom and democracy and justice; we had more when the progressive and modern Kingdom of Hawaii was in control.
It's time for the U.S. to de-occupy our country!
Tane
Thank you for posting this.....
This is but one chapter of the frauds, deceit, criminal moves to assume a neutral, friendly nation.....let us focus in on the issue of a PLEBISCITE:
PUSHING THE PLEBISCITE
compiled by Amelia Gora (2011)
What does PLEBISCITE mean?
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/plebiscite
plebiscite
Cite This Source
A vote of an entire nation or other large political unit on an issue of great importance. A plebiscite is not an election, for there are no candidates. Rather, people vote yes or no on a proposition.
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Cite This Source
Why has the Plebiscite been pushed since the wrongful dethronement of Queen Liliuokalani?
Because U.S. President Benjamin Harrison gave a directive 'let there be a Plebiscite, so that it would give the appearance that the 'overthrow' was the will of the people'.
Oppositions were documented over time because the scum, scoundrels, treasonous persons did not have the numbers supporting them...........they were outnumbered.
In 1897, signatures gathered numbered more than 21,000 ............it appears a whole 19,000 signatures have yet to be found.
The conspirators, co-conspirators numbered approximately 5,000.
The following articles were found in the NEW YORK TIMES:
1897 - http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F60E15FC395811738...
M'KINLEY FORCED TO ACT?; Macfarlane Thinks His Hurry to Annex Hawaii Due to Japan's Attitude. ITS IMPORTANCE TO ENGLAND Landing Place for a Cable and a Coaling Station -- Denial that Japan Has Any Intention of Acquiring the Islands.
[ DISPLAYING ABSTRACT ]
LONDON, July 19. -- A representative of The Associated Press called to-day upon Col. J.W. Macfarlane, a prominent Hawaiian, as well known in London and San Francisco, as in Honolulu, in order to ascertain his views on the Hawaiian situation.
1910 - http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F00D12FF3F5417738...
LIQUOR ISSUE IN HAWAII.; Intervention by Congress Causes a Strong Division of Sentiment.
[ DISPLAYING ABSTRACT ]
The first paragraph is not available for this article.
1940 -
http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F1FFA3A5A11728DD...
Article Preview
PLEBISCITE IN THE PACIFIC
[ DISPLAYING ABSTRACT ]
The first paragraph is not available for this article.
**********************************
Note: This article must be purchased if anyone wants to read about what happened in 1940.
1954 - Article above posted by Kaohi.
Discussion
U.S. President Benjamin Harrison, an American Civil War General, supported the move to dethrone Queen Liliuokalani.
Harrison's words 'have a Plebiscite to make it appear that the People wanted the change' is a giveaway to the fact that Harrison had first hand knowledge of the criminal activities, and it was he who promoted the idea of a Plebiscite.
The move over time to push the Plebiscite was even supported by England.
Remember that both the U.S. and England were bankrupt and their Morgan bankers assisted in determining, criminally determining that they had a right to the booty, the Hawaiian Kingdom's monies, for the Morgan bankers were the investors for both U.S. and England......note in the above article, a comment was made that Lingle supported England's comments about the Plebiscite.
Oppositions by Queen Liliuokalani, and subjects/kanaka maoli have been documented. Much of the evidence was found at the National Archives by Noenoe Silva (21,000+ signatures), and Kiliwehi Kekumano (the True Annexation Opposition).
The Pirates, racketeers in the Hawaiian Islands PROMOTED outsiders to move here so that they could become the MAJORITY, because they were the MINORITY in numbers at the beginning, for their count was about 5,000 which included PAID OFF kanaka maoli whose names have been found in part. The treasonous kanaka maoli were paid $50 - $500 for their participation.
Read also the articles in the PARADISE OF THE PACIFIC "Hawaii Wants the White Man", etc.
Oppositions to Statehood was documented over time by many kanaka maoli.
SUMMARY
Due to the Piracy(ies) on the high seas issues, placing our Queen Liliuokalani and her subjects under duress, stress, coercion, and usurpation, continued opposition from subjects/nationals of a neutral, recognized, friendly nation who also happen to be the owners of the lands, with the Royal families existing, with issues of genocide, etc., all the moves to make Hawaii a State of a Pirating Nation is totally illegal.
If a Plebiscite were to be entertained, the only people who could vote for such would be the subjects/ nationals of the nation, the descendants of our ancient 3,000+ years society who supported the Monarchy/Constitutional Monarchy and allowed themselves to become the Slaves of a criminal, racketeering U.S., England, and the Bankers who departed from the Law of Nations and concocted their own rules for a racketeering organization called the United Nations in its place.
All Nations must be aware of the criminal moves made upon a neutral, friendly, non-warring nation which continues to be victims of mass genocide because we are the Evidence of their Frauds.
The three (3) which has turned into G-8, G-10 are on a path to gross genocide, neglect, disrespect, tyranny, One World Order/New World Order, slow death, illnesses, nuclear annihilation, etc. with little regard for human life other than their own leaders.
Queen Liliuokalani's and other seers prophesies are destined to become real.
Aloha.
https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=LIFxbOZezhE
Peter Paul and Mary, Blowing in the Wind
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American Institute of Banking STANDARD BANKING (1928)
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Bishop, Reverend Sereno E. WHY ARE THE HAWAIIAS DYING OUT? Or, ELEMENTS OF DISABILITY FOR SURVIVAL AMONG THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE (1888)
Bishop, William Henry ONE OF THE THIRTY PIECES from STORIES BY AMERICAN AUTHORS (1902) Charles Scribner’s Sons
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Char, Tin Yuke THE SANDALWOOD MOUNTAINS (1975) by The University of Hawaii Press of Hawaii
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Craig, Robert D. HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF HONOLULU (1998) Scarecrow Press, Inc. Craven, Avery and Johnson, Walter THE UNITED STATES Experiment in Democracy (1950) The Athenaeum Press De Vries, Julian LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS (1940) The World Publishing Co. Doughterty, Michael TO STEAL A KINGDOM (1996) Island Style Press Faragher, John M.; Buhle, Mari Jo; Czitrom, Daniel; Armitage, Susan H. OUT OF MANY A History of the American People Volume II (1994) Prentice-Hall Inc. Forbes, Rev. A. A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF REMARKABLE EVENTS (1865) Fornander, Abraham CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS IN HAWAIIAN HISTORY out of HISTORY OF THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE (1996) Mutual Publishing Frontier Press THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS (1922) The Frontier Press Garraty, John A. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE And McCaughey, Robert A. AMERICAN NATION (1987) Harper & Row, Publishers Inc. 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INDEX PUBLICATIONS OF THE HAWAIIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY (1968) Hawaiian Historical Society Hutchins, LL.B. Wells A. THE HAWAIIAN SYSTEM OF WATER RIGHTS (1946) Coop between the United States Department of Agriculture and the Board of Water Supply, City and County of Honolulu Icke, David AND THE TRUTH SHALL SET YOU FREE (1995) Bridge of Love Publications Ii, John Papa FRAGMENTS OF HAWAIIAN HISTORY (1959) Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Joesting, Edward TIDES OF COMMERCE (1983) First Hawaiian, Inc. Jones, Walter S. THE LOGIC OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (1991) Harper Collins Publishers Kamakau, Samuel M. RULING CHIEFS OF HAWAII (1992) Kamehameha Schools/Bishop Estates Kelly, Marion and Quintal, Sidney Cultural History Report of Makua Military Michael Reservation and Vicinity, Makua Valley, Oahu Kent, Harold CHARLES REED BISHOP (1965) Landoll, Inc. WEBSTER’S DICTIONARY (1997) Landoll, Inc. Lea, Homer THE VALOR OF IGNORANCE (1909) Harper and Brothers Liliuokalani, Lydia Kamakaeha HAWAII’S STORY BY HAWAII’S QUEEN (1898)Tuttle Loomis, Albertine TO ALL PEOPLE A History of the Hawaii Conference of the United Church of Christ (1970) Kingsport Press, Inc. McNeil, Genna Rae HISTORICAL JUDGMENTS RECON- And Winston, Michael R. SIDERED (1988) Howard University Press Missionaries at Lahaina MEMOIR OF KEOPUOLANI, Late Queen of the Sandwich Islands (1825) Crocker & Brewster Publishers Moores, Litt.D. Charles W. LINCOLN ADDRESSES AND LETTERS (1914) American Book Company Morgan, James OUR PRESIDENTS (1930) The Review of Reviews Company And published by arrangement with The Macmillan Company Morison, Samuel Eliot THE OXFORD HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE (1965) Oxford University Press Niblack, William C. TORRENS IN THE UNITED STATES; THE TORRENS SYSTEM ITS COST AND COMPLEXITY (1903) Brown-Cooper Typesetters Co. Native Hawaiians Study Commission NATIVE HAWAIIANS STUDY COMMISSION Volumes I and II (1983) Norton, Thomas James THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Its Sources and Its Application – A Handbook for Citizens and Public Officials; Oath Taken by all Officers elected or Appointed to Civil or Armed Services (1947) America’s Future, Inc. Pukui, Mary Kawena and HAWAIIAN DICTIONARY(1986) University of Elbert, Samuel H. Hawaii Press Sai, David Keanu EVOLUTION OF HAWAIIAN KINGDOM LAW Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Kingdom (1997) (note: bibliography use only – not affiliated) Schmitt, Robert C. THE MISSIONARY CENSUSES OF HAWAII #20 Dept. of Anthropology; Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Spoehr, Anne Harding THE ROYAL LINEAGES OF HAWAII – Bishop Museum Special Publication 84 (1989) Bishop Museum Press Stanley, David MICRONESIA HANDBOOK(1989) Moon Publn. Stone, Irving CLARENCE DARROW FOR THE DEFENSE (1969) New American Library
Twain, Mark
THE FAMILY MARK TWAIN (1935) Harper and Brothers Publishers
Wells, H. C. THE OUTLINE OF HISTORY (1949) Garden City Books
Williams, William Appleman THE TRAGEDY OF AMERICAN DIPLOMACY (1962)World Publishing Company
**************************** THE MASTERS OF CAPITAL by John Moody (1919) Yale University “BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The literature covering special phases of the development and growth of capitalized industry and “high finance” in the United States during the past half century is plentiful enough. Scores of volumes have been written on the Trusts, on particular industries, and special combinations of cpital. But no exhaustive study appears to have been made of the broad trend toward the concentration and control of industry and finance by Wall Street financiers, during the remarkable period culminating in the aggressive antitrust legislation afte the financial crash of 1907. Among the best popular books on the Standard Oil Trust may be mentioned: WEALTH AGAINST COMMON WEALTH by Henry Demarest Lloyd (1894); HISTORY OF THE STANDARD OIL TRUST, BY S.C.T. Dodd (1894); RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY, BY Gilbert Holland Montague (1903); HISTORY OF THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY, by Ida M. Tarbell (1904). To supplement these books, bringing the facts relating to this great business aggregation down to later dates, reference should be made to government exhibits, such as the report of the United States Industrial Commission (1900 and 1902); the testimony in the Supreme Court suit for dissolution (1910 and 1911) and the report of the “Money Trust Investigation” made by the Committee on Banking and Currency of the House of Representatives in 1913. These latter are a real mine of information regarding the activities not only of Standard Oil magnates in business and banking fields, but of others as well during the preceding decade. The story of the Morgan banking house has never been full told, though the LIFE STORY OF J.P. MORGAN, BY Carl Hovey (1911), presents a fair outline. Consult also, FORTY YEARS OF AMERICAN FINANCE, BY Alexander D. Noyes (1909) which contains interesting chapters on the government financing undertaken by the firm. The facts of Edward H. Harriman’s remarkable career can be culled only from the current financial publications of the period. Government reports, such as the testimony in the Supreme Court suit for the dissolution of the Northern Securities Company (1904) and the report of the Committee on Banking and Currency, show the general activities of the Harriman financiers and their connections with Wall Street. The rise to power of the steel and iron magnates and the growth of allied industries have been presented to the public in various forms. A valuable but biased work is the INSIDE HISTORY OF THE CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY, BY James H. Bridge (1903). THE ROMANCE OF STEEL, BY Herbern N. Casson (1907) is a very readable story. On the specific subject of Wall Street mechanism and finance, THE WORK OF WALL STREET, BY Sereno S. Pratt (1912), ad WALL STREET AND THE COUNTRY, by Charles A. Conant (1904), will be found interesting. THE TRUTH ABOUT THE TRUSTS, by John Moody (1904), is a statistical exhibit of capitalized industry and finance as it existed at the apex of the merger movement. On the general subject of industrial trusts and combinations scores of volumes have been written, some of value and many worthless. Among the informing, popular books of the past two decades may be mentioned: THE STORY OF LIFE INSURANCE by Burton J. Hendrick (1907); TRUSTS, OR INDUSTRIAL COMBINATIONS AND COALITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY Ernst von Halle (1895); CORPORATION FINANCE, by Thomas L. Greene (1908); THE CONTROL OF TRUSTS, by John B. Clark (1901); TRUST FINANCE, by Edward Sherwood Meade (1903); THE TRUST PROBLEM, by Jeremiah W. Jenks (1900); and INDUSTRIAL COMBINATIONS AND TRUSTS, by William H. Stevens (1913). But to learn the full story of the great masters of capital of the last generation, one must depend chiefly on financial and investment periodicals. Chief among these are the COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL CHRONICLE, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, and the New York JOURNAL OF COMMERCE. For purely banking subjects, the BANKERS MAGAZINE is the best source of information. For full light on the subject of the control of life insurance funds by the powers of Wall Street, nothing better can be found than the report of the joint committee of the New York Legislature appointed to investigate life insurance companies (1906). The facts regarding the dissolution of the Standard Oil Trust and the American Tobacco Company are to be found in the testimony in the Supreme Court suits against those companies. The best popular description of the panic of 1907 is contained in Alexander D. Noyes’s FORTY YEARS OF AMERICAN FINANCE.”
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Find more Hawaiian Nation songs at Myspace Music
aloha.
REMINDING ALL OF THE EVILS OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPIERS IN OUR HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
photo by A. Gora (2010)
p.s. Always keep in mind the lies, deceit, propaganda thrown in to change the story........
example: the part where Kauikeouli/Kamehameha III wanted to be part of the U.S. ...............LIES, reason being William Lee was away in the U.S., Kauikeouli/Kamehameha III was not interested in being part of the U.S............read his Probate, etc.
Throughout the Probates, etc. you'll find a lot of tutu's stepping forward and denying the haole claims...
best that many researchers pour over all aspects of each claim made by the haole..............and,
remember too that shut down the Archives for two years (how convenient), and what else do you think happened? undeniably, criminal transactions, criminal conveyances occurred, as well as changing historical evidence, etc.
aloha.
agree with Pono...........aloha.
Good grief!
I remember my dad said, "Now they going take all the land!" interestingly enough my grandparents refused to register to vote. It was such a big thing in the family and I remembered the tension so well that I never told my parents that I registered myself to vote. Nor did I ever say anything over the years to my parents about anything political either. That was a no no! But, one never brought this to consciouness until recently.
The plebisite is a question that was brought to the forefront when academic decolonizng processes occurred at UH Manoa, visiting academics from Puerto Rico said, "we should not hold a plebisite" it validates Statehood which is what they were trying to prevent at that time.
Cyrus Green sang Kaulana Na Pua on the steps of Kawaiahao Church ...one should get that version of the song on a CD at Borders. It is powerful