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ANIMOSITIES AGAINST PEOPLE OF COLOR - Reds, Blacks, Browns, and Yellows - FROM THE U.S.A/U.S./ AMERICAN EMPIRE

Posted by Amelia Gora on July 7, 2015 at 11:26am in Politics

       ANIMOSITIES AGAINST PEOPLE OF COLOR - Reds, Blacks, Browns, and Yellows - FROM THE U.S.A/U.S./ AMERICAN EMPIRE

                                                                                         compiled by Amelia Gora (2015)

  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zM8J2oOpx6U  

3 HOURS Long Native American Flute | Most Relaxing & Emotional Music | Beautiful Playlist

1540 - Animosities from 13 Penal ColoniesTowards the American Indians

 

 
Date Name Description
1540-1541 Tiguex War Fought in the winter of 1540-41 by the army of Francisco Vasquez de Coronadoagainst the 12 pueblos of Tiwa Indians along both sides of the Rio Grande River inNew Mexico. It was the first war between Europeans and Native Americans in theAmerican West.
 
March 22, 1622 Jamestown Massacre Powhatan Indians kill 347 English settlers throughout the Virginia colony during the first Powhatan War.
 
1622-44 Powhatan Wars Following an initial period of peaceful relations in Virginia, a twelve year conflict left many natives and colonists dead.  
 
1636-37 Pequot War Taking place in Connecticut and Rhode Island, the death of a colonist eventually led to the destruction of 600-700 natives. The remainder were sold into slavery in Bermuda. 
 
May 26, 1637 Mystic Massacre During the Pequot War, English colonists, with Mohegan and Narragansett allies, attack a large Pequot village on the Mystic River in what is now Connecticut, killing around 500 villagers. 
 
1675-1676 King Philip's War <style="margin-top: 0;="" margin-bottom:="" 0"="">King Philip's War erupts in New England between colonists and Native Americans as a result of tensions over colonist's expansionist activities. The bloody war rages up and down the Connecticut River valley in Massachusetts<style="margin-top: 0;="" margin-bottom:="" 0"=""> and in the Plymouth and Rhode Island colonies, eventually resulting in 600 English colonials being killed and 3,000 Native Americans, including women and children on both sides. King Philip (the colonist's nickname for Metacomet, chief of the Wampanoag) is hunted down and killed on August 12, 1676, in a swamp in Rhode Island, ending the war in southern New England. In New Hampshire and Maine, the Saco Indians continue to raid settlements for another year and a half. 
 
1680-92 Pueblo Revolt In Arizona and New Mexico, Pueblo Indians led by Popé, rebelled against the Spanish and lived independently for 12 years. The Spanish re-conquered in them in 1692.
 
1689–1697 King William's War The first of the French and Indian Wars, King William's War was fought between England, France, and their respective American Indian allies in the colonies of Canada (New France), Acadia, and New England. It was also known as the Second Indian War (the first having been King Philip's War).
 
1689-1763 <style="margin-top: 0;="" margin-bottom:="" 0"="">French and Indian War A conflict between France and Britain for possession of North America. For various motivations, most Algonquian tribes allied with the French; the Iroquois with the British.
 
February 8, 1690 Schenectady Massacre French and Algonquins destroy Schenectady, New York, killing 60 settlers, including ten women and at least twelve children.
 
February 29, 1704 Deerfield Massacre A force comprised of Abenaki, Kanienkehaka, Wyandot and Pocumtuck Indians, led by a small contingent of French-Canadian militia, sack the town of Deerfield,Massachusetts, killing 56 civilians and taking dozens more as captives.
 
1711 Tuscarora War Taking place in Northern Carolina, the Tuscarora, under Chief Hancock, attacked several settlements, killing settlers and destroying farms. In 1713, James Moore and Yamasee warriors defeated the raiders.
 
1715-1718 Yamasee War In southern Carolina, an Indian confederation led by the Yamasee came close to exterminating a white settlement in their region.
 
August, 1757 Fort William Henry Massacre Following the fall of Fort William Henry, between 70 and 180 British and colonial prisoners are killed by Indian allies of the French.
 
1760-62 Cherokee Uprising A breakdown in relations between the British and the Cherokee leads to a general uprising in present-day Tennessee, Virginia and the Carolinas.
 
1763 Pontiac's Rebellion In the Ohio River Valley, War Chief Pontiac and a large alliance drove out the British at every post except Detroit. After besieging the fort for five months, they withdrew to find food for the winter.
 
September 14,  1763 Devil's Hole Massacre Seneca double ambush of a British supply train and soldiers.
 
December, 1763 Killings by the Paxton Boys <style="margin-top: 0;="" margin-bottom:="" 0"="">Pennsylvania settlers kill 20 peaceful Susquehannock in response to Pontiac's Rebellion.
 
July 26, 1764 Enoch Brown School Massacre Four Delaware Indians killed a schoolmaster, 10 pupils and a pregnant woman. Amazingly two pupils who were scalped survived.
 
1774

Lord Dunmore's War

 Shawnee and Mingo Indians raided a wave of traders and settlers in the southern Ohio River Valley. Governor Dunmore of Virginia, sent in 3,000 soldiers and defeated 1,000 natives.
 
1776-1794 Chickamauga Wars A series of conflicts that were a continuation of the Cherokee struggle against white encroachment. Led by Dragging Canoe, who was called the Chickamauga by colonials, the Cherokee fought white settlers in Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
 
July 3, 1778 Wyoming Valley Massacre Following a battle with rebel defenders of Forty Fort, Iroquois allies of the Loyalist forces hunt and kill those who flee, then torture to death those who surrendered.
 
August 31, 1778 Stockbridge Massacre A battle of the American Revolution War that rebel propaganda portrayed as a massacre.
 
November 11, 1778 Cherry Valley Massacre An attack by British and Seneca Indian forces on a fort and village in eastern New York during the American Revolution War. The town was destroyed and and 16 defenders were killed.
 
March 8, 1782 Gnadenhutten Massacre Nearly 100 non-combatant Christian Delaware (Lenape) Indians, mostly women and children, were killed with hammer blows to the head by Pennsylvania militiamen.
 
1785-1795 Old Northwest War Fighting occurred in Ohio and Indiana. Following two humiliating defeats at the hands of native warriors, the Americans won a decisive victory under "Mad Anthony" Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
 
1794 Nickajack Expedition Cherokee Chief, Dragging Canoe, and his followers, who opposed the peace, separated from the tribe and relocated to East Tennessee, where they were joined by groups of Shawnee and Creek. Engaged in numerous raids on the white settlers for several years, they used Nickajack Cave as their stronghold. In 1894, the military attacked, leaving some 70 Indians dead.
 

 

Date

Name

Description

November 6, 1811

Battle of Tippecanoe

The Prophet, brother of Shawnee Chief Tecumseh, attacked Governor William Henry Harrison's force at dawn near the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers in Indiana Territory. After hand-to-hand combat, the natives fled.

August 15, 1812

Fort Dearborn Massacre

American settlers and soldiers are killed in ambush near Fort Dearborn, at the present-day site of Chicago, Illinois.

 

January 22, 1813

Battle of Frenchtown

Also known as the River Raisin Massacre, it was a severe defeat for the Americans during the War of 1812, when they attempted to retake Detroit.

 

August 18, 1813

Dilbone Massacre

Three settlers killed in Miami County, Ohio.

 

August 30, 1813

Fort Mims Massacre

Following defeat at the Battle of Burnt Corn, a band of Red Sticks sack Fort Mims, Alabama, killing 400 civilians and taking 250 scalps. This action precipitates the Creek War.

Sept 19 - Oct 21, 1813

Peoria War

Armed conflict between the U. S. Army and the Potawatomi and the Kickapoo that took place in the Peoria County, Illinois area.

1814 

 

Creek War

 

Militiamen under Andrew Jackson broke the power of Creek raiders in Georgia and Alabama after the Creek had  attacked Fort Mims and massacred settlers. They relinquished a vast land tract.

1816-18

First Seminole War

The Seminole, defending runaway slaves and their land in Florida, fought Andrew Jackson's force. Jackson failed to subdue them, but forced Spain to relinquish the territory.

Spring, 1817

Battle of Claremore Mound

Cherokee Indians wipe out Osage Indians led by Chief Clermont at Claremore Mound,Indian Territory.<style="margin-top: 0;="" margin-bottom:="" 0"="">

 

April 22, 1818

Chehaw Affair

U.S. troops attack a non-hostile village during the First Seminole War, killing an estimated 10 to 50 men, women and children.

June 2, 1823

 

Arikara War

 

Occurring near the Missouri River in present day South Dakota, Arikara warriors attacked a trapping expedition and the U.S. Army retaliated. It was the first  military conflict between the United States and the western Native Americans.

1827

Winnebago War

Also referred as the Le Fèvre Indian War, this armed conflict  took place in Wisconsin between the Winnebago and military forces.  Losses of lives were minimal, but the war was a precedent to the much larger Black Hawk War.

1832

Black Hawk War

Occurring in northern Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin, it was the last native conflict in the area. Led by Chief Black Hawk, the Sac and Fox tribes made an unsuccessful attempt to move back to their homeland.

May 20, 1832

Indian Creek Massacre

Potawatomi Indians, kidnap two girls and kill fifteen men, women and children north of Ottawa, Illinois.

August 1, 1832

Battle of Bad Axe

Around 300 Indian men, women and children are killed in Wisconsin by white soldiers.

 

Spring, 1833

Cutthroat Gap Massacre

Osage Indians wiped out a Kiowa Indian village in Indian Territory.

 

1835-42

Second Seminole War

Under Chief Osceola, the Seminole resumed fighting for their land in the Florida Everglades. Osceola was captured and they were nearly eliminated.

 

1836-1875

Comanche Wars

On the southern plains, primarily in the Texas Republic. The U.S. Military instituted official campaigns against the Comanche in 1867

 

1836

Creek War of 1836

Though most Creeks ad been forced to Indian Territory, those that remained rebelled when the state moved to abolish tribal governments and extend state laws over the Creeks.

May 19, 1836

Fort Parker Massacre

Six men killed by a mixed Indian group in Limestone County, Texas.

 

1837

Osage Indian War

A number of skirmishes with the Osage Indians in Missouri.

 

November 10, 1837

Battle of Stone Houses

A Texas Ranger Company pursued a band of raiding Kichai Indians up the Brazos River, where they battled near the present day city of  Windthorst, Texas.

 

October 5, 1838

Killough Massacre

Indians massacre eighteen members and relatives of the Killough family in Texas.

 

1839

Cherokee War

This war was a culmination of friction between the Cherokee, Kickapoo, and ShawneeIndians and the white settlers in Northeast Texas.

July, 1839

Battle of the Neches

The principal engagement of the Cherokee War, the battle culminated after theCherokee refused to leave Texas.

1840

Great Raid of 1840

The largest raid ever mounted by Native Americans on white cities. Following the Council House Fight, Comanche War Chief Buffalo Hump raised a huge war party and raided deep into white-settled areas of Southeast Texas.

March 19, 1840

Council House Fight

A conflict between Republic of Texas officials and a Comanche peace delegation in San Antonio, Texas. When terms could not be agreed on, a conflict erupted resulting in the death of 30 Comanche leaders who had come to San Antonio under a flag of truce.

August 11, 1840

 

Battle of Plum Creek

 

The Penateka Comanche were so angry after the Council House Fight, they retaliated in the summer of 1840 by conducting multiple raids in the Guadalupe Valley. The raids culminated in a battle between the Indians and the Texas volunteer army along with theTexas Rangers near the present day city of Lockhart, Texas. For two days they battled and the Comanche were defeated.

November 29, 1847

Whitman Massacre

The murder of missionaries Dr Marcus Whitman, Mrs Narcissa Whitman and twelve others at Walla Walla, Washington by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians, triggering theCayuse War.

June 17, 1848

Battle of Coon Creek

When a company of about 140 soldiers were on their way to left join the Santa Febattalion in Chihuahua, Mexico, they were attacked near the present town of Kinsley,Kansas by some 200 Comanche and Apache Indians.

1848–1855

 

Cayuse War

 

Occurring in Oregon Territory and Washington Territory, the conflict between the Cayuse and white settlers was caused in part by the influx of disease, and resulting in the Whitman Massacre and the Cayuse War.

1849-63

Navajo Conflicts

Persistent fighting between the Navajo and the U.S. Army in Arizona and New Mexicoled to their expulsion and incarceration on an inhospitable reservation far from their homelands.

1850-1851

Mariposa War

Spawned by the flood of miners rushing onto their lands after the California Gold Rush, some tribes fought back including the Paiute and the Yokut.

Spring, 1850

Bloody Island Massacre

The murder of up to 200 Pomo people on an island near Upper Lake, California by Nathaniel Lyon and his U. S. Army detachment, in retaliation for the killing of two Clear Lake settlers who had been abusing and murdering Pomo people.

1851-1853

Utah Indian Wars

Numerous skirmishes throughout Utah which finally lead to the Walker War.

 

October 21, 1853

Gunnison Massacre

In Millard County, Utah, a band of Ute Indians massacred Captain John W. Gunnison's Pacific Railroad Survey party of seven men.

1853

Walker War

When the Mormons began to settle on the hunting grounds of the Ute Indians of Utah, they were at first friendly, then fought back.

1854-90

Sioux Wars

As white settlers moved across the Mississippi River into Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wyoming, the Sioux under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse resisted to keep their hunting grounds.

August 17, 1854

Kaibai Creek Massacre

Forty-two Winnemem Wintu men, women and children are killed by white settlers at Kaibai Creek, California.

August 20, 1854

Ward Massacre

Eighteen of the 20 members of the Alexander Ward party were killed by ShoshoneIndians while traveling on the Oregon Trail in western Idaho.
 

Date

Name

Description

1855

Snake River War

Fighting occurred at the junction of the Tucannon River and the Snake River inWashington Territory.

1855

 

 

Klickitat War

 

 

This conflict occurred between the Klickitat and Cascade Indians against white settlers along the Columbia River in central Washington. When intimidation and force failed to get the Indians to cede their lands, battles erupted resulting in the Indians being removed from their lands.

1855-58

Third Seminole War

Under Chief Billy Bowlegs, the Seminole mounted their final stand against the U.S. in the Florida Everglades. When Bowlegs surrendered; he and others were deported toIndian Territory in Oklahoma.

1855-1856

Rogue River Wars

In the Rogue River Valley area southern Oregon, conflict between the area Indians and white settlers increased eventually breaking into open warfare.

1855–1858

 

<style="margin-top: 0;="" margin-bottom:="" 0"="">Yakima War<style="margin-top: 0;="" margin-bottom:="" 0"="">

 

A conflict of land rights in Washington state, involving the Nisqually, Muckleshoot, Puyallup, and Klickitat tribes in the state of Washington. The central figure of the war, Nisqually Chief Leschi, was executed.

January-March, 1855

Klamath and Salmon Indian Wars

Klamath and Salmon River War, aka Klamath War, or Red Cap War, occurred in Klamath County, California after local miners wanted Indians disarmed due to rumors of an uprising. Some of the Native American's of the Yurok and Karok tribes refused, leading to hostilities resulting in state militia and U.S. Army involvement. (source)

August 17, 1855

Grattan Fight

Twenty-nine U.S. soldiers killed by Brulé Lakota Sioux Indians in Nebraska Territory.

January 26, 1856

<style="margin-top: 0;="" margin-bottom:="" 0"="">Battle of Seattle

Native Americans attacked Seattle, Washington, as part of the Yakima War. The attackers are driven off by artillery fire and by Marines from the U.S. Navy.

February, 1856

Tintic War

A short series of skirmishes occurring in Tintic and Cedar Valleys of Utah, after the conclusion of the Walker War.

January-May,1858

Antelope Hills Expedition

A campaign by Texas Rangers and members of allied tribes against the Comancheand Kiowa in Texas and Oklahoma.

1858

Coeur d'Alene War

Also known as the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War, this second phase of the Yakima War was a series of encounters between the Coeur d’Alenes, Spokanes, Palouses and Northern Paiute tribes and U.S. forces in the Washington and Idahoareas.

September 1, 1858

Battle of Four Lakes

Also known as the Battle of Spokane Plains, the conflict was part of the Coeur d'Alene War. A force of 600 military men were sent to subdue the tribes, defeating the Indians.

1859

Mendocino War

A conflict between settlers and Native Americans in California that took place in 1859. Several hundred Indians were killed.

1860

 

Paiute War

 

Also known as Pyramid Lake War, the war was fought between Northern Paiutes, along with some Shoshone and Bannock, and white settlers in present-day Nevada. The war culminated in two pitched battles in which approximately 80 whites were killed. Smaller raids and skirmishes continued until a cease-fire was agreed to in August, 1860.

February 26, 1860

Gunther Island Massacre

Also known as the Humboldt Bay Massacre, local white settlers, without any apparent provocation, attack four Indian villages, slaying 188 Wiyot Indians, mostly women and children in Humboldt County, California.

December 18, 1860

Battle of Pease River

Battle between Comanche Indians under Peta Nocona and a detachment of Texas Rangers, resulting in the slaughter of the Indians, including women, when the Rangerscaught the camp totally by surprise.

1860-65

California Indian Wars

Numerous battles and skirmishes against Hupa, Wiyot, Yurok, Tolowa, Nomlaki, Chimariko, Tsnungwe, Whilkut, Karuk, Wintun and others.

1861–1864

Navajo Wars

Occurring in Arizona and New Mexico Territories, it ended with the Long Walk of theNavajo.

1861-1900

 

Apache Attacks

 

In New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas, numerous Apache bands  rejected reservation life, and under Geronimo, Cochise and others, staged hundreds of attacks on outposts.Geronimo finally surrendered in 1886; others fought on until 1900.

August-September, 1862

 

Sioux War of 1862

 

 

Skirmishes in the southwestern quadrant of Minnesota resulted in the deaths of several hundred white settlers. In the largest mass execution in U.S. history, 38 Dakota were hanged. About 1,600 others were sent to a reservation in present-day South Dakota.

March, 1862

Battle of Apache Pass

Battle fought in Arizona between Apache warriors and the California Column as it marched from California to New Mexico.

October 24,  1862

Tonkawa Massacre

 

Accompanied by Caddo allies, a detachment of irregular Union Indians, mainly Kickapoo, Delaware and Shawnee, attempt to destroy the Tonkawa tribe in Indian Territory. One hundred and fifty of 390 Tonkawa survive.   

January 29, 1863

Bear River Massacre

Colonel Patrick Connor leads a regiment killing at least 200 Indian men, women and children near Preston, Idaho.

April 19, 1863

Keyesville Massacre

White settlers kill 35 Tehachapi men in Kern County, California.

January, 1864

Battle of Canyon de Chelly

This Navajo citadel was the scene of climatic events in the conquest of the NavajoIndians by the U.S. Army Colonel Christopher C. "Kit" Carson’s.

August-November, 1864.

Cheyenne War of 1864

 

In the early 1860's, the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes were suffering terrible conditions on their reservation and in the summer of 1864 began to retaliate by attacking stagecoaches and settlements along the Oregon Trail.

November 29, 1864

Sand Creek Massacre

Militiamen kill at least 160 Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek, Colorado.

1864–1865

Colorado War

Clashes centered on the Colorado Eastern Plains between the U.S. Army and an alliance consisting largely of the Cheyenne and Arapaho.

1864–1868

Snake War

Fought between U.S. military and the Northern Paiute and Shoshoni (called the Snakes by white settlers) in Oregon, Idaho, and California. The conflict began with the influx of new mines in Idaho and the Indians rebelled to white encroachment on their lands.

1864–1886

Apache Wars

When the Mescelero Apaches were placed on a reservation with Navajos at Fort Sumner, New Mexico, the war began and continued until 1886, when Geronimosurrendered.

July 28, 1864

 

Battle of Killdeer Mountain

 

Fought in western North Dakota, this battle was an outgrowth to the 1862 Siouxdiscontent in Minnesota. Leading more than 3,000 volunteers, Brigadier General Alfred Sully confronted more than 1,600 Sioux in the North Dakota badlands, representing one of the largest pitched battles in the history of Plains warfare.

August-November, 1864

Cheyenne War of 1864

In the early 1860's, the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes were suffering terrible conditions on their reservation and in August, 1864 began to retaliate by attacking stagecoaches and settlements along the Oregon Trail.

February 4-6, 1865

 

Battle of Mud Springs

 

After the Sand Creek Massacre in November 1864 in Colorado, the Sioux, Cheyenneand Arapaho moved northward raiding along the way. This skirmish, taking place inNebraska was inconclusive although the Indians succeeded in capturing some Army horses and a herd of several hundred cattle.

February 8-9, 1865

 

Battle of Rush Creek

 

Following the Battle of Mud Springs, the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho were pursued by the U.S. Army and engaged in an inclusive battle on the Platte River of Nebraska.

August-September, 1865

Powder River Expedition

 

Also called the Powder River Campaign, Major General Grenville M. Dodge ordered the expedition as a punitive campaign against the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho for raiding along the Bozeman Trail. Fighting took place in what would become Wyoming and Montana territories. It was one of the last Indian war campaigns carried out by U.S. Volunteer soldiers.

November 25-26, 1864

 

First Battle of Adobe Walls

 

Kit Carson led an attack against a Kiowa village in the Texas Panhandle. The next day, the Kiowa, now joined with the Comanche, counter-attacked. Though thousands ofIndians were attacking the Cavalry, Carson and his men were able to hold their position with two howitzers.

1865-1868

Hualapai or Walapais War

Occurring in Arizona Territory, the Hualapai were disturbed by increased settler traffic upon their lands, which caused a number of skirmishes over several years.

1865–1872

Utah's Black Hawk War

Including an estimated 150 battles between Mormon settlers in central Utah and members of the Ute, Paiute and Navajo tribes. The conflict resulted in the abandonment of some settlements and homes, and postponed Mormon expansion in the region.

1865-1879

Ute Wars

The Ute nation rose episodically against white settlers in Utah as the Mormonsrelentlessly took over their lands and exhausted their resources.

July 26, 1865

 

 

Battle of Platte Bridge Station

 

 

When a wagon train with twenty five men under Sergeant Amos Custard's command were traveling from Sweetwater Station east toward Platte Bridge Station in Wyoming,Sioux and Cheyenne were threatening to attack. Lieutenant Caspar Collins and a small detachment of soldiers were sent out from Platte Bridge Station to try and reach the wagon train and escort it to the station but upon crossing the bridge to the north they were overwhelmed by Sioux and Cheyenne Indians. Lieutenant Collins and several of the men were killed.  

July 26, 1865

Battle of Red Buttes

On the same day of the Battle of Platte Bridge Station, wagon train was attacked bySioux Cheyenne Indians. Custer and 21 soldierswere killed.

August 29, 1865

Battle of Tongue River

 

The U.S. Cavalry under the command of General Patrick Connor attacked Chief Black Bear's Arapaho outside present day Ranchester, Wyoming. This attack caused theArapaho to join forces with the Sioux and Cheyenne.

August 31, 1865

Sawyers Fight

In retaliation for he attack on Black Bear's village, Arapaho Indians attacked a surveying expedition on the Bozeman Trail in Wyoming.
 
 

Date

Name

Description

1866-1868

 

Red Cloud's War

 

Lakota Chief Red Cloud conducts the most successful attacks against the U.S. Army during the Indian Wars. By the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), the U.S. granted a large reservation to the Lakota, without military presence or oversight, no settlements, and no reserved road building rights. The reservation included the entire Black Hills.

December 21, 1866

Fetterman Massacre

Fought near Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming, Sioux and Cheyenne ambushed Captain William J. Fetterman and 80 men, killing every one of them.

1867–1875

Comanche Campaign

Major General Philip Sheridan, in command of the Department of the Missouri, instituted winter campaigning in 1868–69 as a means of rooting out the elusiveIndian tribes scattered throughout the border regions of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas.

July 2, 1867

Kidder Massacre

Cheyenne and Sioux Indians ambushed and killed a 2nd US Cavalry detachment of eleven men and an Indian guide near Beaver Creek in Sherman County,Kansas.

August 1, 1867

Hayfield Fight

Occurring near Fort C.F. Smith, Montana, Territory, the battle pitted a determined stand of 31 soldiers and civilians against more than 700 Sioux and Cheyennewarriors.

August 2, 1867

 

Wagon Box Fight

 

Captain James Powell with a force of 31 men survived repeated attacks by more than 1,500 Lakota Sioux warriors under the leadership of Chiefs Red Cloud andCrazy Horse. The soldiers, who were guarding woodcutters near Fort Phil Kearny,Wyoming, took refuge in a corral formed by laying 14 wagons end-to-end in an oval configuration.

August 22, 1867

Battle of Beaver Creek

The Eighteenth Kansas Volunteer Cavalry attacked by Indians in Phillips County,Kansas Two  men were killed and 12 seriously wounded.

September, 1867

Battle of Infernal Caverns

Infernal Caverns is the site of an 1867 battle between U.S. armed forces and Paiute, Pit River, and Modoc Indians.

September 17-19, 1868

Battle of Beecher Island

Northern Cheyenne under war leader Roman Nose fought scouts of the U.S. 9th Cavalry Regiment in a nine-day battle.

November 27, 1868

Washita Massacre

Lieutenant Colonel George Custer's 7th cavalry attacked the sleeping Cheyennevillage of Black Kettle near present-day Cheyenne, Oklahoma. 250 men, women and children were killed.

July 11, 1869

Battle of Summit Springs

Cheyenne Dog Soldiers led by Tall Bull defeated by elements of U.S. Army. Tall Bull died, reportedly killed by Buffalo Bill Cody.

January 23, 1870

Marias Massacre

White Americans kill 173 Piegans, mainly women, children and the elderly inMontana.

April 30, 1871

Camp Grant Massacre

A mob of angry citizens from Tucson and their Papago Indian mercenaries clubbed, shot, raped and mutilated 144 Aravaipa Apache people, mostly women and children near Camp Grant. Their actions were taken in "retaliation" for a GilaApache raid in which six people had been killed and some livestock stolen.

1872–1873

 

 

 

Modoc War

 

 

 

Fighting northern California and southern Oregon, Captain Jack and followers fled from their reservation to the lava beds of Tule Lake, where they held out against soldiers for six months. Major General Edward Canby was killed during a peace conference—the only general to be killed during the Indian Wars. Captain Jack was hanged for the killing.

December 28, 1872

Salt River Canyon Battle

Also called the Skeleton Cave Battle, the U.S. Army won its most striking victory in the long history of Apache warfare at this site in Arizona. About 75 Indians died, and most of the rest were captured.

March 27, 1873

Battle of Turret Peak

Fought in south central Arizona, it was one of the pivotal fights that broke the backs of the Apaches and Yavapais in their efforts to resist white encroachment into their lands.

1874–1875

Red River War

Occurring in northwestern Texas William T. Sherman led a campaign of more than 14 battles against the Arapaho, Comanche, Cheyenne and Kiowa tribes, who eventually surrendered.

June 27, 1874

Second Battle of Adobe Walls

 

A combined force of some 700 Comanche, Cheyenne, Kiowa, and Arapahowarriors, led by Comanche Chief Quanah Parker and Isa-tai, attacked the buffalocamp at Adobe Walls in the Texas Panhandle. The hunters held the site and the Indians retreated, but it soon led to the Red River War.

July 4, 1874

 

Bates Battle

 

In a narrow valley Hot Springs County, Wyoming, an Arapaho encampment was attacked by U.S. Army forces under Captain Alfred E. Bates. Bates reported his losses were four killed and five or six wounded, and 25 Arapaho were killed and 100 wounded. Other reports indicate the Arapaho suffered as few as ten casualties.

September 28, 1874

Battle of Palo Duro Canyon

Cheyenne, Comanche, and Kiowa warriors engaged elements of the U.S. 4th Cavalry Regiment led by Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie in Palo Duro Canyon,Texas.

1876–1877

Black Hills War

Also called the Sioux War of 1876, the Lakota under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horsefought the U.S. after repeated violations of the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie.

 

 

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  • Amelia Gora July 20, 2015 at 9:19pm
  • Amelia Gora July 8, 2015 at 11:38pm

    Don't forget the Canadian Indians...............information off of Facebook:

    Harry Aki shared AJ+'s video.
    11 hrs · 
    • Sign Up
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    Canada's official commission called the school program for its native people “cultural genocide.”

    Music Courtesy of A Tribe Called Red.

  • Amelia Gora July 7, 2015 at 12:01pm

    FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 2008

    1885-1894: The U.S. Steals Hawaii, Four Thousand Lynchings, Shootin...

    1880s-1998: UNITED STATES. The United States Census Bureau estimates that 4,742 lynchings took place in the U.S. between 1882 and 1968. Between 1882 and 1930, some 2,828 people were lynched in the South; 585 in the West; and 260 in the Midwest. Most of the victims of lynching were black males although some black females and some Chinese, Italians and Jews fell victim to American lynch mobs. Prior to the mass outbreak of lynching in the 1880s, Americans had lynched at least 163 Mexicans, including women, in California in the period 1848-1860. The Mexicans, whose state had been stolen from them by the U.S. in 1846, were competing with American gold miners and so were duly murdered.

    Lynching often included torture and mutilation. Victims were flogged, had ears, fingers and other body parts cut off. Females were raped. Many victims were burned alive. Victims were sometimes castrated. Body parts such as teeth, fingers, clothes and sexual organs were sold as souvenirs. The February 2, 1893 edition of The New York Times described the lynching of Henry Smith in Paris, Texas. Smith was placed on a ten foot scaffold and tortured for almost an hour with red-hot irons. He was then burned alive.

    Ministers of the Christian religion and business leaders participated and, often a holiday atmosphere prevailed. Railroads sometimes ran special excursion trains to allow spectators to watch lynchings. Crowds as large as 15,000 attended lynchings, sometimes buying tickets for the privilege.

    Photographic postcards of lynchings were common and the U.S. Post Office gladly carried them as mail until 1908. The last officially recorded lynching in the U.S. took place in 1968 but many consider the 1998 murder of James Byrd in Texas, by three whites who hauled him behind a pick-up truck with a chain, to be a lynching.

    Americans used lynching and other terror tactics to intimidate blacks and other oppressed groups into political, social and economic submission. Very few of the victims were accused of crimes such as murder or rape as is often thought. Most victims were accused only of such things as being boastful, insulting a white person, questioning the amount offered for goods or seeking employment beyond their allotted station. The torturers and murderers who carried out lynchings were almost never charged in spite of the fact that many lynchings were conducted in front of thousands of witnesses and that a huge amount of photographic evidence existed, much of it sent as postcards through the U.S. Mail.

    Some two hundred anti-lynching laws were presented to the U.S. House of Representatives over the years. Three bills managed to pass the House. All three were defeated in the United States Senate. In 2005, the Senate passed a resolution apologizing for its de facto sanctioning of lynching for over a century. In the year 2005, fifteen fine, upstanding American Senators refused to endorse the apology bill. Makes a fella real proud, don't it?

    1885: GUATEMALA. The U.S. gunboat Wachusett invades Guatemalan waters to “protect U.S. interests”.

    1885: UNITED STATES. Miners in the Harrimans' Union Pacific coal mine in Rock Spring, Wyoming have been struggling for years to unionize in order to secure a living wage and safer working conditions. The Harrimans have resisted at every turn and, seeing their Chinese co-workers as scapegoats, white miners go on a rampage and attack the Chinese. They murder at least twenty eight people and injure more than a dozen. More than fifty homes belonging to Chinese families are burned to the ground.

    Inevitably, the "suspects" in the riots are quickly released and none is ever charged with a crime. On their release, the murderers are met by a crowd of hundreds and given an ovation for their fine work. Sure do make you proud, don't it?

    1885: UNITED STATES. Sleeping Chinese hop pickers are massacred in the Squak Valley in Washington. Three are shot to death and three wounded.

    1885: UNITED STATES. A racist mob burns a large part of Seattle’s Chinatown.

    1885: UNITED STATES. A racist mob of three hundred, led by Tacoma, Washington mayor Jacob Weisbach and backed by the Tacoma police department, forces three hundred Chinese into boxcars and expels them from the city.

    1885: COLOMBIA. U.S. troops invade Colon and Panama City in the Colombian province of Panama.

    1886-ongoing: UNITED STATES. A Supreme Court decision in the tax case of Santa Clara County versus the Southern Pacific Railroad is often cited as leading to the legal status of "person" and consequent free speech and other rights for corporations, thereby guaranteeing protections under the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution to the abstract creations of corporate lawyers. In reality, the decision did no such thing. Chief Justice Morrison Waite wrote, "We avoided meeting the Constitutional question in the decision."

    Yet, when preparing the case summary, the court reporter, former railroad president J.C. Bancroft Davis, wrote: "The defendant Corporations are persons within the intent of the clause in Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which forbids a state to deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." The 14th Amendment had supposedly been written to protect recently-freed blacks from persecution and oppression, not to increase the power and wealth of railroads and other corporations.

    Even though the court had not made the legal determination claimed in the headnote, the clerk's misrepresentation of the case lead to successful claims to the status of “person” for the legal abstraction of a corporation.

    The back door granting of personhood paved the way to greater profits and almost unlimited political and economic power for corporations in the United States. Using the definition of corporations as "persons", the Supreme Court struck down a whole range of state regulations attempting to control the more rapacious activities of corporations. In 1938, Justice Hugo Black noted that, in the fifty years since Santa Clara, "less than one-half of one percent (of Supreme Court rulings which invoked the 14th Amendment) invoked it in protection of the Negro race, and more than fifty percent asked that its benefits be extended to corporations."

    1886: UNITED STATES. State militia fire point blank into a crowd of striking steelworkers in Milwaukee calling for an eight hour work day. Seven people including a child are killed on the spot. The Milwaukee Journal reports that eight more victims will die within twenty four hours. The paper commends Wisconsin Governor Jeremiah Rusk, who had set the militia on the strikers, for his valiant efforts.

    1886-93: UNITED STATES.American and Canadian labor unions organize a general strike in support of an eight hour work day. Rallies are held throughout the U.S. and Canada with tens of thousands of workers turning out. A rally of 80,000 people marches in Chicago in support of the strike. Strikers at the factory of Mexican slave owners, the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company (International Harvester), are shot at by Chicago city police. Four strikers are killed and others wounded.

    Organizers call for a protest rally at Haymarket Square in Chicago the following day. A bomb is thrown at a line of police advancing on the crowd, killing one policeman. Police then open fire on the crowd. At least four civilians are killed and as many as fifty wounded. Seven policemen are also killed and a large number wounded, almost certainly all by fellow policemen. Eight people are arrested and charged with the murder of the policeman killed by the bomb even though the prosecution concedes that none of the defendants was responsible for throwing the bomb. No police are charged with any crimes.

    The U.S. mass media does its usual fine job of deceiving the population and inflaming public opinion by spreading fear of the "ism" du jour. In a hysteria piece called "Anarchy’s Red Hand", the New York Times calls the Haymarket massacre the "bloody fruit" of "the villainous teachings of the Anarchists" happily ignoring the fact that all but one of the victims were slaughtered by the forces of law and order. The Chicago Times describes the defendants as "arch counselors of riot, pillage, incendiarism and murder". The Atlantic Monthly states that workers have only themselves to blame for their lot in life. Seven of the defendants are condemned to death and one to fifteen years in prison. The verdicts inspire protests around the world.

    The case is appealed unsuccessfully all the way to that gleaming bastion of justice, the U.S. Supreme Court. Illinois Governor Richard James Oglesby then commutes the death sentences of two defendants to life in prison. One defendant commits suicide. Four are hung by the neck until they are dead.

    Workers believed that the bomb had, in fact, been thrown by an agent provocateur, probably working for Pinkertons, who were widely employed at the time by the owners of numerous corporations as goon squads. The bomb thrower was never identified. The commander who ordered the police to advance on the workers in Haymarket Square was later convicted of corruption. In 1893, Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld showed remarkable integrity for a politician when he signed pardons for three of the executed defendants after he concluded that all eight defendants had been innocent. Altgeld said the real reason for the bombing was the city of Chicago's failure to hold Pinkerton guards responsible for shooting workers. The pardons duly end Altgeld's political career. Can't be havin' no integrity in politics.

    1886: UNITED STATES. A racist mob in Seattle, Washington rounds up the city's Chinese population and attempts to drive them onto waiting ships in order to expel them from the city. By March, virtually all people of Chinese descent have been driven from the fair city of Seattle.

    1886: UNITED STATES. Twenty black Americans are massacred at Carrollton, Mississippi.

    1886: UNITED STATES. Robber baron Jay Gould who bragged that "I can hire half the working class to kill the other half," makes his point when he hires gunmen to murder workers striking against his railroad.

    1887: UNITED STATES. Ten thousand workers at sugar plantations in Louisiana are organized by a secret labor union, the Knights of Labor. The workers, about ninety percent black and ten percent white, earn about $13 a month. Thanks to the "company store" system, most become perpetually indebted to the sugar companies and, under Louisiana law, become vitual serfs of the companies. They go on strike for an increase in their pay to $1.25 a day. Louisiana Governor Samuel Douglas McEnery is outraged by the thought of blacks and whites working together to oppose oppression by the ruling class and declares that, "God Almighty has himself drawn the color line." The state militia is withdrawn, permitting lynch mobs to murder between twenty and thirty of the striking workers.

    1887: UNITED STATES. Thirty four Chinese miners are slaughtered at Deep Creek, Oregon. The murderers then steal between $4-5000 in gold belonging to the victims.

    1887: HAWAII. A conspiracy of wealthy white Americans, consisting primarily of sugar producers and large landowners, forces the democratically-elected monarch of Hawaii, David Kalakaua, to sign a new Constitution under threat of violence by an armed militia called the Honolulu Rifles. The Honolulu Rifles are controlled by a secret society called the Hawaiian League, which wants Hawaii annexed by the U.S. in order to increase the profits on sugar by eliminating the tariff on Hawaiian sugar exported to the U.S. Because the Constitution was imposed under threat of violence, it is known as the Bayonet Constitution.

    The new Constitution does a fine job of destroying Hawaiian democracy and, aside from being anti-democratic, has that classic all-American blend of racism and religious bullshit. Under the new Constitution, people of Asian descent, who formerly could participate in the Hawaiian democracy, are barred from voting solely on the basis of their race. Under the Bayonet Constitution, only wealthy male property owners are allowed to vote, effectively disenfranchising the majority of Hawaiians in their own country. Voting in the new demockracy is limited to non-Asian males earning at least $600 a year and owning property worth at least $3000, a hell of a lot in 1887.

    But the best part of the Bayonet Constitution is Article One which reads, "God hath endowed all men with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the right of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property....."

    Why hell, that was mighty nice of God to endow them sugar barons with the inalienable right of acquiring, possessing and protecting property. That's better than virgins in Paradise any day.

    • Amelia Gora > Amelia Gora July 7, 2015 at 12:05pm


      1888: KOREA. U.S. forces invade Korea to “protect Americans”.

      1888: HAITI. U.S. forces invade Haiti to force the release of an American vessel arrested for running a blockade.

      1888-89: SAMOA. U.S. forces invade Samoa to “protect American interests”.

      1889: HAWAII. U.S. forces invade the nation of Hawaii to “protect American interests”.

      1890: ARGENTINA. U.S. forces invade the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires to “protect U.S. property”.

      1890: UNITED STATES. Using Gatling guns, soldiers of the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacre three hundred and fifty men, women and children of the Lakota nation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

      When I look back now
      from this high hill
      of my old age,
      I can see the butchered
      women and children
      lying heaped and scattered
      all along the crooked gulch
      as plain as I saw them
      with eyes still young.
      Black Elk
      Oglala Holy Man

      1890: UNITED STATES. Alfred T. Mahan, head of the U.S. Naval War College, publishes The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1600-1783, which advocates the seizure of the Caribbean Islands, Hawaii and the Philippines by the United States in order to construct military bases. Mahan also advocates the building of a canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific and the creation of a "Great White Fleet" of steam-driven, armored battleships with which to carry it all out. Mahan's book becomes the blueprint for the further expansion of the American Empire in the latter part of the nineteenth century.


      1890s-ongoing: UNITED STATES.The era of the robber barons begins in deadly earnest. The great fortunes of the Rockefellers, the Harrimans, the Mellons, the Goulds, the Carnegies and the other members of the U.S. ruling class along with the lesser fortunes of their lackeys and front men, which will soon include the Bush family and the Dulles brothers, are acquired through a mix of criminality, conspiracy, utter ruthlessness and the bribery and outright ownership of politicians of all stripes. It is all driven by an unquenchable greed for money and power and delusions of superiority.


      The few who understand the system,
      will either be so interested in its profits,
      or so dependent on its favors
      that there will be no opposition
      from that class,
      while on the other hand,
      the great body of people,
      mentally incapable of comprehending
      the tremendous advantages.. 
      will bear its burden without complaint,
      and perhaps without suspecting
      that the system
      is inimical to their best interests.
      Rothschilds Brothers Bank

      1890-1910: UNITED STATES. Mississippi introduces literacy and "understanding" tests to disenfranchise black citizens. South Carolina (1895), Louisiana (1898), North Carolina (1900), Alabama (1901), Virginia (1901), Georgia (1908), and Oklahoma (1910) jump on the bandwagon to prevent blacks having any political power.

      1891: UNITED STATES. A mob of ten thousand whites storms the Omaha, Nebraska jail and takes a black accused, Joe Coe, from his cell. He is beaten and lynched. Six thousand people reportedly visit the display of Coe's corpse and purchase pieces of the rope used to lynch him as souvenirs.

      1891-present: HAITI. The U.S. invades Haiti to suppress a revolt of black workers against horrific working conditions on Navassa Island and seizes the island itself, which it still holds.

      1891: CHILE. U.S. Marines invade Chile to suppress nationalists rebelling against the U.S.-supported dictatorship.

      1891: CHILE. One hundred and twenty sailors from the USS Baltimore receive shore leave in Valparaiso, Chile. They become involved in bar brawls and street violence resulting in the death of two Americans, the wounding of seventeen, and the imprisonment of thirty-six. The U.S.demands a Chilean apology and reparations. The Chileans conduct an investigation which finds that drunken American sailors provoked the disturbances. In his annual message to Congress, President Benjamin Harrison threatens to seek congressional approval for a U.S. invasion of Chile.

      1891: UNITED STATES. L. Frank Baum, beloved author of the Wizard Of Oz, writes in the Aberdeen, Kansas Saturday Pioneer that the U.S. Army should “finish the job” of the “total annihilation” of the few remaining Indians in the U.S. By 1891, Baum's call for mass murder was almost redundant. Through ruthless genocide carried out by the United States Government, the native population of the U.S. had been reduced to 2.5% of its original numbers and 98% of Indian land had already been stolen, almost all in violation of legally binding treaties. Hundreds of native American nations with unique languages and customs had been erased from the face of the Earth.

      1892: UNITED STATES. On behalf of corporate interests, U.S. troops violently suppress a silver miners’ strike in Idaho.

      1892: UNITED STATES. A Pinkertons goon squad opens fire on striking steelworkers at the Carnegie mill in Homestead, Pennsylvania. In the ensuing battle, three Pinkertons surrender and are then beaten by a mob consisting mainly of women. Seven Pinkertons and eleven strikers and spectators are shot to death.

      1893: UNITED STATES. Now that Thomas Durant and the boys have got their railroads built on all that stolen Indian land, it's time to get them filthy Chinks out of the U.S. White Americans help by systematically persecuting people of Chinese descent, driving them from their homes and, often, murdering them.

      The U.S. Supreme Court once again stands in the forefront of racism and injustice, crushing whatever tattered shreds of liberty and equality actually exist in America. The Court upholds The Chinese Exclusion Act barring people of Chinese descent from the U.S. Institutionalized racism is a matter of self-preservation, says the Court, and the "natural right of the government". In the Fong Yue Ting case, the Court provides a cloak of spurious legality to the deportation of Chinese immigrants without benefit of due process.

      • Amelia Gora > Amelia Gora July 7, 2015 at 12:14pm

        1893-present: HAWAII. A stage-managed coup of American sugar and fruit tycoons, led by Sanford Dole, overthrows the democratically-elected government of the independent nation of Hawaii with the help of troops sent ashore from the USS Boston anchored in Hololulu Harbor. U.S. Minister to Hawaii, John L. Stevens, "assists" in the establishment of a “provisional” government. U.S. Marines remain in illegal occupation. The goal of Dole and his unindicted co-conspirators is to have Hawaii annexed by the United States so that the U.S. import duty on Hawaiian sugar will be eliminated, thereby increasing the sugar barons' profits. Apparently Dole and the boys just can’t make enough money to be happy, even using whips to encourage their workers in the cane fields.

        After a bit of singing and dancing, the U.S. permanently occupies Hawaii as a colony on behalf of U.S. sugar and fruit interests and as a base for the extension of American military power into the Pacific. The U.S. remains in illegal occupation of the independent nation of Hawaii until the present day.

        1893-1896: UNITED STATES. Years of rampant speculation and scams in the railroad biz bring about the Crash of 1893. Railroads fail one after the other. As yet another "investment" bubble bursts, Americans rush to withdraw their savings from the banks before they collapse. Americans attempting to redeem their dollar bills for gold, as promised, find that the U.S. government doesn't have enough gold to redeem all the bills in circulation. Many stocks and bonds held by Americans become worthless.

        In total, more than five hundred banks and fifteen thousand other businesses fail. Commodity prices fall, driving farmers into bankruptcy. Unemployment reaches almost twenty percent. Americans lose their farms, homes and businesses in large numbers. Many abandon their homes and farms and move west.

        The Klondike gold rush helps to end the depression and, from 1896 to 1907, things are looking up and then.....the Panic of 1907.

        1894: UNITED STATES. President-to-be Theodore Roosevelt gives his racism a little exercise when he opines that, “All men of sane and wholesome thought must dismiss with impatient contempt the plea that these continents should be reserved for the use of scattered savage tribes, whose life was but a few degrees less meaningless, squalid, and ferocious than that of the wild beasts with whom they held joint ownership.”

        1894: HAWAII. On July 4, 1894, the date being chosen with care, fruit lord Sanford Dole announces the invention of the Republic of Hawaii, and modestly declares himself president.

        1894: UNITED STATES. After Dole and the boys have overthrown the legal government of the nation of Hawaii, and after the U.S. has conducted an armed invasion and occupation of Hawaii and seized it as a colony on behalf of the Dole family and its minions, the whores and shills of the U.S. Senate venture into stratospheric levels of hypocrisy when they pass a resolution warning "foreign governments not to interfere in Hawaiian political affairs."

        1894: UNITED STATES. The World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago's Jackson Park is set on fire by strikers protesting a drastic reduction in wages by the Pullman company. The federal government intervenes and uses 14,000 federal and state troops to crush the strike. Thirty four workers are killed by troops.

        1894: NICARAGUA. The U.S. invades Nicaragua at Bluefields to “protect American interests”.

        1894: BRAZIL. The U.S. uses a display of naval power to intimidate Brazil.

        1894: HAWAII. Hawaiians and non-Hawaiian supporters of the legitimate government of the island nation launch an uprising against the illegal dictatorship of sugar barons which had stolen their country. They are defeated by overwhelming force and the dictatorship captures Queen Lili`uokalani and holds her prisoner. The Queen is coerced into signing a document of abdication which actually had no validity since abdication is not provided for in the Hawaiian Constitution. In spite of the promises made to the Queen, five Hawaiian patriots are sentenced to death and others to long prison sentences by the kangaroo courts of the dictatorship.

        Hypocrisy knows no limits when Queen Lili`uokalani, the legal and constitutional head of the government of Hawaii, is charged with misprision of treason and is sentenced to five years imprisonment at hard labor and a $5,000 fine for attempting to overthrow the criminals who had stolen the nation of Hawaii. Upon gaining her freedom, Lili`uokalani travels to Washington, to ask President Cleveland to reinstate democratic, constitutional government in Hawaii. He refuses.

        I am ashamed of the whole affair.
        President Grover Cleveland
        (Ed: But not ashamed enough
        to return Hawaii to the Hawaiians.)

        1894-95: CHINA. U.S. troops invade China to “protect American interests” and “infiltrate” Peking.

        1894-96: KOREA. U.S. troops invade Korea to “protect American interests”.

        1894: UNITED STATES. Hundreds of unemployed Americans, led by Jacob Coxey, march across the United States toward Washington to protest conditions during the worst depression to date in U.S. history following the Panic of 1893. The marchers become known as Coxey's Army. Hundreds of marchers on their way from the northwest are stopped by federal troops in Montana. More than five hundred do make it to Washington, DC but, democratic protest being strictly verboten, Coxey and the other leaders of the protest are arrested for "walking on the grass of the United States Capitol."

        1894-98: UNITED STATES. In 1894, the U.S. Naval War College begins formal planning of a "splendid little war" to seize Spanish colonies in the Caribbean and Pacific, all of which have active independence movements. The important thing is to seize Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines before their independence movements succeed, which they show every sign of doing. Should they be allowed to succeed and should those countries hold democratic elections, the U.S. would have nations run by, gasp, non-whites on its very doorstep. Hell, that might give the nigras back home some crazy ideas.

        The war plan is the embodiment of the blueprint for American Empire published by the head of the Naval War College, Alfred T. Mahan, in 1890.

        In 1894, the U.S. begins the destabilization of Cuba, its third-largest trading partner, by imposing huge tariffs on Cuban sugar imports, all but wrecking the Cuban economy. By fabulous coincidence, this works very much to the benefit of sugar baron Sanford Dole and his gang of thugs who have just stolen Hawaii from the Hawaiians.

        In 1896, the war plan is finalized by Lieutenant William W. Kimball, a naval intelligence officer at the War College. Kimball's plan includes not just attacks on Cuba and the Philippines but on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. In early 1898, the U.S. Department of the Navy begins operational preparations for attacks on Cuba and Puerto Rico. During the same period, U.S. newspapers and magazines conduct a massive propaganda campaign preparing the American public for the planned war. The script of the propaganda campaign is supposed U.S. support of Cuban rebels who are attempting to free Cuba of Spanish colonial rule. And if you believe that load of malarkey, I have a nice bridge I'd like to sell to you.

        The propaganda campaign features countless largely fabricated stories of atrocities by the Spanish and, since you have to have one identifiable bad guy on whom to focus all the manufactured hate, the systematic demonization of Spanish General Valeriano Weyler, who is referred to in the "news"papers of yellow journalist and Nazi mouthpiece-to-be William Randolph Hearst as “Butcher” Weyler. Among the fabricated atrocities which Hearst, Pulitzer and other yellow media owners use to inflame the U.S. public are invented tales of Spanish attacks on hospitals, rape, poisoning of wells and, as the icing on the cake, gruesome, completely fictitious, accounts of “roasting twenty five Catholic priests alive”. The roasted priest lie sounds like a rehearsal for the "evil Iraqi soldiers throwing Kuwaiti babies out of incubators" lie which the U.S. mass media will obediently carry a hundred years later. Nice to know some things are consistent in this uncertain world. As is the case today, the press in the nineteenth century was strangely silent about real atrocities and crimes being carried out by U.S.-supported dictators such as Porfirio Diaz in Mexico whose genocides directly benefited Hearst.

        And all that is needed to make the "splendid little war" happen is the nineteenth century version of a Pearl Harbor or 9-11 "event", as such things are called in the war biz. Stay tuned for the next exciting instalment of Making The World Safe For Hypocrisy and we'll see what the boys come up with.

        POSTED BY JOEPEREZ AT 7:34 PM   

        Reference:  http://mtwsfh.blogspot.com/2008/02/1885-1894-more-invasions-more-ra...

        Note:  The following was compiled for the purpose of  Truth from a neutral, friendly, non violent nation - Hawaiian Kingdom/Kingdom of Hawaii/Hawaiian Islands/Hawaiian archipelago/Ko Hawaii Pae Aina/ He Mokupuni Pae Aina o Hawaii/Hawaii...........aloha.

          

        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRneht8d2QA  

        HAWAIIAN MUSIC Relaxing Ukulele Acoustic Guitar Playlist Hawaii Songs Instrumental Folk Musica

  • Amelia Gora July 7, 2015 at 11:27am

    March, 1876

    Battle of Powder River

    The opening battle of the Black Hills War, between the U.S. Army and the Siouxand Cheyenne on the Powder River in Montana.

    June 17, 1876

    Battle of Rosebud

    Lakota under Sitting Bull clashed with U.S. Army column moving to reinforce Custer's 7th Cavalry.

    June 25-26, 1876

    Battle of the Little Bighorn

    Sioux and Cheyenne under the leadership of Sitting Bull and Crazy Horsedefeated the 7th Cavalry under George Armstrong Custer.

    July 17, 1876

    Battle at Warbonnet Creek

    Three weeks after Custer's defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the Fifth U.S. Cavalry skirmished with Cheyenne Indians from the Red Cloud Agency in northwest Nebraska.

    September 8, 1876

    Battle of Slim Buttes

    Captain Anson Mills' Third Cavalry troopers attacked the Sioux village of American Horse in South Dakota. American Horse was killed in the ambush.

    November 25, 1876

    Dull Knife Fight

     

    After the Battle of the Little Bighorn the previous summer the U.S. Military began retaliatory campaigns. Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie's 4th Cavalry surprised Dull Knife's winter camp in Wyoming, killing 25 Indians. 
    • Amelia Gora > Amelia Gora July 7, 2015 at 11:28am

      1877

       

       

       

      Nez Perce War

       

       

       

      Occurring in Oregon, Idaho, and Montana, the Nez Perce were fighting to keep their home in Wallowa Valley. Chief Joseph retreated from the 1st U.S. Cavalry through Idaho, Yellowstone Park, and Montana after a group of Nez Perceattacked and killed a group of Anglo settlers in early 1877. They surrendered near the border to Nelson Miles' soldiers.

      August 29, 1877

      Battle of Big Hole

      One of a series of engagements between U.S. troops and the fleeing Nez Perceunder Chief Joseph in southwestern Montana.

      1878

       

       

      Bannock War

       

       

      Elements of the 21st U.S. Infantry, 4th U.S. Artillery, and 1st U.S. Cavalry engaged the natives of southern Idaho including the Bannock and Paiute when the tribes threatened rebellion in 1878, dissatisfied with their land allotments.

      1878–1879

      Cheyenne War

      A conflict between the United States' armed forces and a small group of Cheyennefamilies.

      September 27, 1878

       

      Battle of Punished Woman Fork

       

      Chiefs Dull Knife and Little Wolf of the Northern Cheyenne led their people in a rebellion and flight from confinement and starvation in Indian Territory to their home lands in the north. The Cheyenne made their final stand in Scott County,Kansas, fighting against the U.S. Cavalry.

      September 30, 1878

      Last Cheyenne Raid

      Cheyenne ambushed Decatur County, Kansas. A running fight with white settlers occurred. In the end 17 settlers were killed in the ambush.
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